Antiretroviral Resistance and Pregnancy Characteristics of Women with Perinatal and Nonperinatal HIV Infection
Table 2
Antepartum, intrapartum, and neonatal findings among pregnant women with perinatal HIV and nonperinatal HIV infection.
Perinatal HIV ()
Nonperinatal HIV ()
value
Antepartum
Gestational age in weeks at initial obstetric visit
11 (6–14)
11 (8–18)
0.2
ARV use at time of conception
27 (68%)
9 (23%)
<0.0001
Initial HIV RNA viral load (copies/mL) in pregnancy
19,945 (99–20,915)
4,800 (41–19,047)
0.8
Initial CD4 cell count (cells/mm3) in pregnancy
426 (±271)
516 (±212)
0.1
Number of obstetric visits prior to delivery
10.4 (±5.2)
9.9 (±5.3)
0.7
Pregnancy complications
17/38 (45%)
24 (59%)
0.2
ARV use during pregnancy prior to delivery
41 (100%)
38 (93%)
0.2
Intrapartum and postpartum
Gestational age at delivery
38 (38-39)
38 (34–39)
0.4
Preterm delivery (<37 weeks)
4/37 (11%)
11/39 (28%)
0.08
HIV RNA viral load (copies/mL) at delivery
40 (0–2,500)
0 (0–1,680)
0.3
HIV RNA viral load > 1,000 copies/mL at delivery
10 (26%)
11 (28%)
0.9
HIV RNA viral load < 40 copies/mL at delivery
23 (56%)
26 (63%)
0.5
CD4 cell count (cells/mm3) at delivery
484 (265–612)
514 (373–646)
0.2
CD4 cell count (cells/mm3) below 200 at delivery
11 (27%)
4 (10%)
0.08
IV AZT administered at least 3 hours prior to delivery when indicated
28/35 (80%)
31/37 (84%)
0.7
Cesarean delivery
18/38 (47%)
18/39 (46%)
0.9
Any maternal intrapartum or postpartum infection
5/37 (14%)
7/38 (18%)
0.6
Neonatal
Live birth
37/38 (97%)
39/40 (98%)
1.0
Birth weight (gm)
3,065 (2,659–3,370)
2,742 (2,435–3,200)
0.02
Low birth weight (<2,500 gm)
8/37 (22%)
13/38 (34%)
0.2
NICU admission
5/35 (14%)
10/35 (29%)
0.2
Duration of postexposure prophylaxis with oral AZT (weeks)
6 (6)
6 (6)
0.6
Perinatal HIV infection
0/30
2/32 (6%)
0.5
All denominators are unless otherwise stated. Continuous variables are represented as means (±standard deviation) and medians (interquartile range). Continuous variables are compared using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests to compare medians (Monte Carlo estimates were used to compare some medians) and pooled Student’s -test is used for means. Pregnancy complications included hyperemesis gravidarum, urinary tract infection/pyelonephritis, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, cervical incompetence, threatened preterm labor, abruption, preterm birth (<37 weeks), preterm rupture of membranes, and anemia.
