Extragenital Infections Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae: A Review of the Literature

Table 2

Characteristics of studies reporting extragenital infections due to N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis among men who have sex with men.

Author	Study year	Location	Setting	Time period	Risk	Sample	Gonorrhea			Chlamydia
							Urogenital	Rectal	Pharyngeal	Urogenital	Rectal	Pharyngeal
McMillan et al. [73]	1981	United Kingdom	STD clinic	1981	MSM	150	—	—	—	6.70%	4.00%	1.30%
Rompalo et al. [83]	1986	Washington (US)	STD clinic	1983	MSM	1,429	—	8.00%	—	—	5.00%	—
Ostergaard et al. [38]	1997	Denmark	STD clinic	1995-1996	MSM	39	—	—	—	2.60%	2.60%	0.00%
Tabet et al. [87]	1998	Washington (US)	Community	1995	MSM	578	0.00%	0.20%	0.70%	0.00%	—	—
Kim et al. [69]	2003	California (US)	STD clinic	2000	MSM (HIV+)	564	—	7.10%	—	—	—	—
Manavi et al. [72]	2004	United Kingdom	Genitourinary clinic	1999–2002	MSM	443	—	—	—	—	7.20%	—
Kent et al. [68]	2005	California (US)	STD clinic, gay men’s health center	2003	MSM	6,434	6.00%	6.90%	9.20%	5.20%	7.90%	1.40%
Currie et al. [60]	2006	Australia	Sexual health clinic	2001–2003	MSM	314	6.8% (Did not specify site)			9.6% (did not specify site)
Hocking and Fairley [65]	2006	Australia	STD clinic	2002-2003	MSM	1,248	—	—	—	5.10%	6.20%	1.30%
Morris et al. [76]	2006	California (US)	Community	2001–2003	MSM	2,475	—	—	5.50%	—	—	—
Benn et al. [58]	2007	United Kingdom	Genitourinary clinic	1999–2001	MSM	613	7.20%	7.30%	7.30%	4.30%	6.50%	1.20%
Alexander et al. [54]	2008	United Kingdom	Genitourinary clinic	2005–2007	MSM	272	—	14.90%	6.50%	—	13.60%	—
Gunn et al. [64]	2008	California (US)	STD clinic	1997–2003	MSM	7,333	10.80%	9.80%	4.00%	—	—	—
Lister et al. [71]	2008	Australia	Sexual health clinic	2002-2003	MSM	366	—	5.00%	—	—	7.00%	—
Mimiaga et al. [74]	2008	Massachusetts (US)	Gay men’s health center	2007	MSM	114	1.00%	1.70%	0.00%	2.60%	6.10%	—
Rieg et al. [82]	2008	California (US)	HIV clinic	2004–2006	MSM (HIV+)	212	1.50%	4.30%	3.30%	1.50%	2.90%	1.40%
Templeton et al. [89]	2008	Australia	Community	2003	MSM	1,427	—	—	—	—	—	1.10%
Annan et al. [55]	2009	United Kingdom	HIV/genitourinary clinic	2005-2006	MSM	3,076	—	4.10%	1.30%	5.40%	8.20%	—
Baker et al. [56]	2009	Washington DC (US)	Outpatient clinic	2006-2007	MSM	147	0.00%	1.40%	2.80%	0.00%	2.10%	0.70%
Dang et al. [61]	2009	Switzerland	HIV clinic	2007-2008	MSM (HIV+)	147	—	—	—	—	10.90%	—
Klausner et al. [70]	2009	US (5 cities)	Outpatient clinic	2007-2008	MSM	3,410/14,189	—	5.40%	5.30%	—	8.90%	1.60%
Mimiaga et al. [75]	2009	Massachusetts (US)	Gay men’s health center	2003-2004	MSM	21,927	13.40%	8.80%	1.90%	5.70%	—	—
Ota et al. [77]	2009	Canada	Gay men’s health center	2006–2008	MSM	248	—	11.70%	8.10%	—	7.70%	2.00%
van der Helm [49]	2009	Netherlands	STD clinic	2006-2007	MSM	1,458	—	7.00%	—	—	11.00%	—
Templeton et al. [90]	2010	Australia	Community	2003	MSM	1,427	—	—	0.60%	—	—	—
Marcus et al. [172]	2011	California (US)	STD clinic	2008-2009	MSM	3,398	0.40%	3.60%	5.00%	2.30%	7.80%	1.90%
Peters et al. [39]	2011	Netherlands	STD clinic	2007-2008	MSM	1,455	2.80%	6.00%	4.20%	4.00%	8.20%	1.50%
Soni and White [86]	2011	United Kingdom	HIV clinic	2009-2010	MSM (HIV+)	634	1.30%	4.20%	3.90%	2.60%	9.80%	1.70%
Vodstrcil et al. [93]	2011	Australia	Sexual health clinic	2002–2009	MSM	8,328/7,133	—	3.10%	1.80%	3.70%	5.40%	—
Koedijk et al. [22]	2012	Netherlands	STD clinic	2006–2010	MSM	69,506	3.40%	5.50%	3.90%	4.30%	10.10%	1.70%
Mayer et al. [36]	2012	US (4 cities)	HIV clinic	2004–2006	MSM (HIV+)	365	0.00%	2.00%	3.00%	2.00%	7.00%	1.00%
Park et al. [78]	2012	California (US)	HIV/STD clinic, gay men’s health center	2010	MSM	12,454	—	—	5.80%	—	—	1.70%
Pinsky et al. [81]	2012	New York (US)	University health center	2007–2010	MSM	200	—	0.50%	3.50%	—	3.00%	0.50%
Diaz et al. [26]	2013	Spain	STD clinic	2006–2010	MSM	1,320	58.30%	21.10%	5.20%	—	—	—
Jiménez et al. [66]	2013	Spain	HIV clinic	2011-2012	MSM (HIV+)	264	—	—	9.50%	—	—	—
Sexton et al. [85]	2013	Washington DC (US)	Primary care clinic, HIV/STD clinic	2009–2011	MSM	374	—	8.00%	9.30%	—	12.70%	1.30%
Turner et al. [92]	2013	Ohio (US)	STD clinic	2010-2011	MSM	125	—	24.00%	—	—	23.00%	—
Barbee et al. [57]	2014	Washington (US)	STD clinic	2011	MSM	3,034	5.50%	9.70%	6.50%	4.40%	11.90%	2.30%
Dudareva-Vizule et al. [62]	2014	Germany	STD clinic	2009-2010	MSM	2,247	1.90%	4.60%	5.50%	3.40%	8.00%	1.50%
Gratrix et al. [63]	2014	Canada	STD clinic	2012	MSM	972	2.40%	5.90%	—	4.30%	14.10%	—
Keaveney et al. [67]	2014	Ireland	HIV clinic	2012	MSM (HIV+)	121	0.00%	4.10%	3.30%	1.70%	6.60%	0.80%
Patton et al. [79]	2014	US (42 sites)	STD clinic	2011-2012	MSM	21,994	11.10%	10.20%	7.90%	8.40%	14.10%	2.90%
Sanders et al. [84]	2014	Kenya	Medical clinic	2011	MSM	244	1.60%	5.70%	—	6.10%	8.10%	—
van Liere et al. [47]	2014	Netherlands	STD clinic	2010–2012	MSM	2,436	1.50%	3.70%	3.40%	3.30%	7.90%	1.10%
Chow et al. [59]	2015	Australia	Sexual health clinic	2007–2013	MSM	12,873	2.30%	2.90%	1.70%	3.00%	5.60%	—
Danby et al. [25]	2016	Pennsylvania (US)	STD clinic	2014-2015	MSM	224	5.40%	11.60%	16.50%	4.50%	17.40%	2.20%
Dukers-Muijrers et al. [19]	2015	Netherlands	STD clinic	2010–2013	MSM	2,349	1.40%	4.00%	3.40%	3.20%	7.30%	0.70%
Garner et al. [27]	2015	United Kingdom	Sexual health clinic	2010	MSM	365	4.70%	9.00%	5.20%	5.30%	6.50%	2.20%
Taylor et al. [88]	2015	Arizona (US)	HIV clinic	2011–2013	MSM	1,591	—	19.60%	—	—	18.60%	—
Tongtoyai et al. [91]	2015	Thailand	Medical clinic	2006–2010	MSM	1,744	1.80%	6.10%	0.50%	4.50%	9.50%	3.60%
Trebach et al. [44]	2015	Maryland (US)	STD clinic	2011–2013	MSM	769	8.90%	17.90%	11.00%	1.50%	14.30%	2.50%
Van Liere et al. [167]	2015	Netherlands	STD clinic	2011-2012	MSM	9,549	—	4.20%	—	—	9.80%	—
van Liere et al. [45]	2013	Netherlands	STD clinic	2010-2011	MSM	926	—	3.46%	—	—	7.88%	—
Bachmann et al. [52]	2010	US	STD clinic, HIV clinic	2003–2007	MSM	297	5.10%	7.90%	8.30%	2.00%	10.30%	1.70%

Note. STD: sexually transmitted diseases; US: United States; MSM: men who have sex with men.