Emergence of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis among Lebanese Pregnant Women: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Species Distribution
Table 3
Frequency of Candida infections with regard to reproductive health characteristics, patient’s medical history, and previous and current treatment.
Variables
Negative N (%)
Positive N (%)
P value
Previous Miscarriage
Yes
22 (68.8)
10 (31.2)
1
No
52 (69.4)
23 (30.6)
Number of Children
0
40 (71.5)
16 (28.5)
0.8677
1
26 (66.7)
13 (33.3)
⩾ 2
8 (66.7)
4 (33.3)
Clinical History
None
37 (74)
13 (26)
0.2435
Diabetes
13 (50)
13 (50)
Gestational Diabetes
4 (57.2)
3 (42.8)
Anemia
12 (57.2)
9 (42.8)
Urinary Tract Infection
0 (0)
1 (100)
Recurrent vaginitis
1 (50)
1 (50)
Vaginitis
Yes
12 (57.2)
9 (42.8)
0.1970
No
62 (72.1)
24 (27.9)
Vaginosis
Yes
8 (72.8)
3 (27.2)
1
No
66 (68.8)
30 (31.2)
Treatment
Antibiotic
Yes
2 (33.3)
4 (66.7)
0.0715
No
72 (71.3)
29 (28.7)
Antiseptic
Yes
46 (69.7)
20 (30.3)
1
No
28 (68.3)
13 (31.7)
Antifungal
Yes
4 (57.2)
3 (42.8)
0.6738
No
70 (70)
30 (30)
Previous GBS isolation
Yes
4 (80)
1 (20)
0.6646
No
70 (68.7)
32 (31.3)
Antibiotic over last 12 months
Yes
12 (63.2)
7 (36.8)
0.5877
No
62 (70.5)
26 (29.5)
Hospitalization last 12 months
Yes
6 (54.5)
5 (45.5)
0.3086
No
68 (70.9)
28 (29.1)
N: number of individuals; Chi square test was performed to generate p values for differences in Candida infection frequencies with regard to reproductive health characteristics, patient’s medical history, and previous and current treatment; Fisher’s exact test was used where appropriate.
