Emergence of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis among Lebanese Pregnant Women: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Species Distribution
Table 4
Candida spp. distribution with regard to reproductive health characteristics, patient’s medical history, and previous and current treatment.
Variables
C. albicans N (%)
C. glabrata N (%)
C. krusei N (%)
P value
Previous Miscarriage
Yes
4 (40)
2 (20)
4 (40)
0.0316
No
14 (60.8)
8 (34.8)
1 (4.4)
Number of Children
0
8 (50)
7 (43.8)
1 (6.2)
0.3556
1
7 (53.8)
3 (23.1)
3 (23.1)
⩾ 2
3 (75)
0 (0)
1 (25)
Medical History
None
9 (69.2)
3 (23.1)
1 (7.7)
0.6644
Diabetes
6 (46.1)
4 (30.7)
3 (23.2)
Gestational Diabetes
3 (100)
0 (0)
0 (0)
Anemia
3 (33.3)
4 (44.5)
2 (22.2)
Urinary Tract Infection
1 (100)
0 (0)
0 (0)
Recurrent vaginitis
1 (100)
0 (0)
0 (0)
Vaginitis
Yes
5 (55.6)
2 (22.2)
2 (22.2)
0.7127
No
13 (54.1)
8 (33.3)
3 (12.6)
Vaginosis
Yes
2 (66.7)
1 (33.3)
0 (0)
0.7412
No
16 (53.3)
9 (30)
5 (16.7)
Treatment
Antibiotic
Yes
3 (75)
1 (25)
0 (0)
0.5295
No
14 (48.2)
10 (34.4)
5 (17.4)
Antiseptic
Yes
11 (55)
5 (25)
4 (20)
0.3744
No
6 (46.1)
6 (46.1)
1 (7.8)
Antifungal
Yes
3 (100)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0.2116
No
14 (46.6)
11 (36.6)
5 (16.8)
Previous GBS isolation
Yes
1 (100)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0.6115
No
16 (50)
11 (34.3)
5 (15.7)
Antibiotic over last 12 months
Yes
4 (57.1)
3 (42.9)
0 (0)
0.4399
No
13 (50)
8 (30.7)
5 (19.3)
Hospitalization last 12 months
Yes
0 (0)
2 (40)
3 (60)
0.0042
No
17 (60.7)
9 (32.1)
2 (7.2)
N: number of individuals; Chi square test was performed to generate p values for differences in Candida species distribution with regard to reproductive health characteristics, patient’s medical history, and previous and current treatment.
