Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of the Human Endometrial Fluid during the Natural Cycle
Table 1
Time distribution, sample characteristics and antimicrobial activity of EFA samples.
Cycle day
Sample
Activity against microorganismsa
Identification
Catheter tip b
Microbial growth
E. coli
K. pneumoniae
E. faecalis
S. agalactiae
S. aureus
MRSA
C. albicans
C. glabrata
C. krusei
5
EF-05
Yes
Yes
-
-
-
+
-
+
-
-
+
10
EF-07
Yes
Yes
-
-
-
-
++
++
-
-
-
EF-22
No
No
-
-
-
-
+
+
-
-
-
11
EF-24
No
Yes
-
-
-
-
+
-
-
-
+++
12
EF-23
No
No
-
-
-
-
+
++
-
-
-
13
EF-01
Yes
Yes
-
-
-
++
++
++
+++
+++
+++
EF-02
Yes
Yes
-
-
-
-
+
++
-
-
-
EF-10
Yes
Yes
-
-
-
-
++
+
-
++
-
EF-28
No
No
-
-
-
-
-
+
++
-
-
EF-29
No
No
-
-
-
-
++
+
-
-
-
14
EF-15
Yes
Yes
-
-
-
-
+
+
-
-
-
EF-20
No
No
-
-
-
-
++
+
-
-
-
EF-21
No
Yes
-
-
-
-
+
++
+++
-
-
EF-25
No
No
-
-
-
+
++
++
-
-
-
EF-27
No
No
-
-
+
-
+
++
+++
+++
+++
15
EF-04
Yes
Yes
-
-
-
-
+
++
-
++
+
EF-19
Yes
Yes
-
-
-
-
+
+
-
++
-
EF-30
No
Yes
-
-
-
-
++
++
-
-
-
EF-37
No
No
-
-
-
-
++
+
-
-
-
16
EF-03
Yes
Yes
-
-
-
-
+
++
-
-
+
EF-13
Yes
Yes
-
-
+
-
+
+
-
-
-
EF-16
Yes
No
-
-
+
-
++
++
-
-
-
EF-26
Yes
Yes
-
-
-
-
+
++
-
+
++
EF-31
No
Yes
-
-
-
-
++
+
-
-
-
EF-35
No
Yes
-
-
-
-
++
++
-
-
-
EF-36
No
Yes
-
-
-
-
++
++
-
-
-
17
EF-33
No
No
-
-
+
-
++
+
-
-
-
EF-34
No
No
-
-
-
-
+
+
-
-
-
18
EF-06
Yes
Yes
-
-
-
-
+
+
-
+++
+
EF-14
Yes
Yes
-
-
-
+++
+
+
-
-
-
19
EF-18
Yes
Yes
-
-
-
-
+
+
-
-
-
EF-32
No
No
-
-
-
-
+
+
-
-
-
24
EF-17
Yes
No
-
-
-
-
+
+
-
-
-
25
EF-11
Yes
Yes
-
-
-
+
++
++
-
++
-
26
EF-08
Yes
Yes
-
-
-
-
+
++
-
-
+
27
EF-09
Yes
Yes
-
-
+
-
++
+
-
++
-
28
EF-38
No
No
-
-
-
-
++
+
-
-
-
aAntimicrobial activity with reference to the cell pellet of the positive growth control well. -: no inhibition; +: slight inhibition (<50% reduction); ++: moderate to high inhibition (≥50%); +++: full growth inhibition. bCatheter: “yes” stands for samples stored with the catheter tip prior to processing; “no” stands for samples flushed out from the catheter before being stored. Microorganisms: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA (Methicillin-resistant S. aureus), Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Candida krusei.
