| | Characteristic | No β-lactam allergy | β-lactam allergy | value | | (92.83) | (7.17) | |
| | Age (mean, SD) | | | <0.001 | | Gravidity (mean, SD) | | | 0.084 | | Nulliparous (, %) | 3,983 (33.12) | 352 (37.89) | 0.003 | | Prepregnancy BMI (mean, SD) | | | 0.507 | | Delivery BMI (mean, SD) | | | 0.794 | | Race (, %) | | | 0.017 | | White | 8,700 (77.35) | 716 (77.07) | | | African American | 2,422 (20.14) | 156 (16.79) | | | Asian | 596 (4.96) | 38 (4.09) | | | Other | 244 (2.03) | 12 (1.29) | | | Multiracial | 63 (0.52) | 7 (0.75) | | | Hispanic ethnicity (, %) | 6,361 (52.92) | 296 (31.86) | <0.001 | | Insurance (, %) | | | <0.001 | | Public | 7,206 (60.95) | 365 (39.93) | | | Private | 4,062 (34.36) | 531 (58.10) | | | None/other/unknown | 555 (4.69) | 18 (1.97) | | | Cesarean indication (, %) | | | 0.046 | | Scheduled | | | | | Repeat CD | 4,665 (38.91) | 358 (38.70) | | | Other (breech, previa, etc.) | 1,574 (13.13) | 134 (14.49) | | | Unscheduled | | | | | Labor-related | 865 (7.22) | 78 (8.43) | | | Fetal well-being-related | 2,333 (19.46) | 146 (15.78) | | | Other | 2,551 (21.28) | 209 (22.59) | | | Duration of membrane rupture, median [IQR] | 1 [0-528] | 1 [0-543] | 0.391 | | Cesarean in labor (, %) | 3,198 (26.68) | 224 (24.22) | 0.238 | | Medical and obstetric comorbidities (, %) | | | | | Hypertension | 2,769 (23.0) | 229 (24.65) | 0.258 | | Diabetes | | | | | Pregestational diabetes | 540 (4.51) | 37 (4.00) | 0.467 | | Gestational diabetes | 1,378 (11.51) | 82 (8.84) | 0.013 | | Smoking during pregnancy | 239 (1.99) | 25 (2.69) | 0.144 | | Obstetric characteristics | | | | | GA at delivery (mean, SD) | | | 0.106 | | Preterm birth (, %) | 2,075 (17.26) | 154 (16.58) | 0.597 | | Cesarean hysterectomy performed (, %) | 37 (0.31) | 4 (0.43) | 0.521 | | Length of stay (postoperatively) (days, mean, SD) | | | 0.316 | | Infections or colonizations (, %) | | | | | Group B Streptococcus colonization | 2,697 (22.43) | 233 (25.08) | 0.063 | | Infections (any) | | | | | Chorioamnionitis | 765 (6.36) | 47 (5.06) | 0.115 | | Endometritis prior to discharge | 3 (0.02) | 0 (0.00) | 0.630 | | Sexually transmitted disease (ex: Chlamydia and gonorrhea) | 419 (3.48) | 22 (2.37) | 0.071 | | Antibiotics received (, %) | | | <0.001 | | At least one β-lactam antibiotics (includes penicillins and cephalosporins) | 9,862 (82.01) | 334 (35.95) | | | Non-β-lactam antibiotic | 137 (1.14) | 495 (53.28) | | | No antibiotics documented in the database | 2,026 (16.85) | 100 (10.76) | |
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