Variability in Prolificacy, Total Carotenoids, Lutein, and Zeaxanthin of Yellow Small-Ear Waxy Corn Germplasm

Table 2

Mean squares for yields, yield components, agronomic traits, and carotenoids of 48 small-ear waxy corn genotypes evaluated across four environments in Thailand between 2018 and 2019.

SOV		Environment (E)	Replication	Genotype (G)	GxE	Error	CV (%)
Df		3	8	47	141	376
UY	1^st	77.5	15.6	11.0	1.5	0.5	18.8	0.61
	Total	99.2	36.4	14.3	2.2	0.7	17.6	0.59
HY	1^st	56.3	36.1	36.2	4.9	2.3	21.7	0.53
	Total	193.3	101.2	44.9	6.9	3.0	19.7	0.51
EN	1^st	2.2	6.0	1.4	8.8	3.6	11.7	0.21
	2^nd	1.8	1.4	7.0	10.0	5.4	43.1	0.24
	2^ndM	7.2	4.8	4.2	6.7	3.5	61.7	0.36
	Total	3.0	3.7	1.5	2.6	1.2	15.7	0.18
EL	1^st	172.8	0.8	18.0	1.6	1.3	8.9	0.51
	2^nd	70.4	3.1	17	10.3	8.4	28.2	0.06
ED	1^st	1.8	0.1	1.1	0.1	0.1	8.1	0.45
	2^nd	1.5	0.1	1.0	0.6	0.6	26.0	0.05
AD		594	13	114	7.3	4.4	4.4	0.67
EH		41,860	1,180	4,207	140	90.3	10.5	0.79
L^a		34.5	0.9	2.5	0.6	0.01	12.1	0.97
Z^a		65.3	0.4	8.0	1.4	0.1	16.2	0.92
BC^a		4.0	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.0	11.2	0.98
TC^a		243.5	9.0	23.2	7.2	0.9	19.3	0.75

 = broad-sense heritability estimates. UY (ton ha⁻¹) = unhusked yield, HY (ton ha⁻¹) = husked yield, EN (ear ha⁻¹) = ear number, EL (cm) = husked ear length, ED (cm) = husked ear diameter, AD (DAS) = anthesis date, EH (cm) = ear height, L (µg g⁻¹ FW) = lutein, Z (µg g⁻¹ FW) = zeaxanthin, BC (µg g⁻¹ FW) = beta-carotene, TC (µg g⁻¹ FW) = total carotenoids, 1^st = the first ear position, 2^nd = the second ear position, 2^ndM = the number of marketable ears at the second ear position. ^aData derived from Khon Kaen province across two seasons. Significant at and significant at , respectively.