Distribution and Impact of Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) on Weed Species Diversity in Maize Fields in Western Gojjam Zone, Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia

Table 1

Highest and least weed frequency, mean field density, and abundance in different parthenium infestation levels in maize fields.

Name of species	Weed frequency				Mean field density (m^−2)				Abundance
	NPIL	VLPIL	LPIL	MPIL	NPIL	VLPIL	LPIL	MPIL	NPIL	VLPIL	LPIL	MPIL
Ageratum conyzoides	1.00	0.96	0.80	0.64	28.83	18.03	12.70	5.64	86.50	49.70	47.71
Amaranthus hybridus	1.00	0.88		0.73	24.11
Amaranthus hybridus	0.96
Parthenium hysterophorus	0.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.00	5.93	6.76	53.06	0.00	24.00	41.03	159.18
Bidens pilosa			0.57		9.97	9.93	10.76		42.09	43.82	42.24	46.50
Galinsoga parviflora						9.35			39.11			52.00
Echinochloa colona								5.39
Phyllanthus maderaspatensis										58.00
Pennisetum sphacelatum					0.03				2.00
Brachiaria eruciformis						0.03
Eragrost paniciformis							0.04
Leucas martinicensis								0.09
Brachiaria eruciformis , Hygrophila auriculata, and Justicia heterocarpa										2.00
Oxygonum sinuatum											1.00
Trifolium steudneri												1.33

NPIL= no parthenium infestation level; VLPIL= very low parthenium infestation level; LPIL = low parthenium infestation level; MPIL = moderate parthenium infestation level.