Genetic Advance and Grain Yield Stability of Moroccan Durum Wheats Grown under Rainfed and Irrigated Conditions

Table 4

Mean values of grain yield, spikes per m², kernels per spike, kernel weight, harvest index, spikelets per spike, kernels per spikelet, fertile tillering, plant height, and spike length in six durum wheat varieties released in different periods (old, intermediate, and modern) grown under two water regimes (irrigated and rainfed) during three growing seasons (2017, 2018, and 2019).

	Grain yield (kg h^−1)	Spikes per m^2	Kernels per spike	Kernel weight (mg)	Harvest index (%)	Spikelets per spike	Kernels per spikelet	Fertile tillering (%)	Plant height (cm)	Spike length (cm)
Trials
Irrigated	4453^a	426^a	40^a	45.3^a	0.39^a	16.0^a	2.5^a	64.4^a	80.8^a	6.65^a
Rainfed	3142^b	285^b	36^b	42.7^b	0.32^b	15.1^b	2.3^b	59.5^b	74.8^b	6.48^b
Period of release
Old	3526^b	347^a	38^a	44.4^a	0.34^b	15.0^b	2.6^a	59.8^c	79.8^a	6.32^c
Intermediate	3933^a	356^a	37^b	44.1^a	0.35^b	15.3^b	2.5^b	62.1^b	76.6^b	6.48^b
Modern	3934^a	362^a	38^a	42.0^b	0.38^a	16.6^a	2.3^c	63.8^a	77.1^b	6.87^a
Growing season
2017	3418^b	360^a	39^a	43.4^b	0.32^c	16.3^a	2.4^c	58.1^c	74.0^b	6.75^a
2018	4702^a	391^a	40^a	47.2^a	0.40^a	16.0^a	2.5^a	67.2^a	89.4^a	6.74^a
2019	3274^b	314^b	34^b	40.1^c	0.34^b	14.5^b	2.3^b	60.5^b	70.1^c	6.18^b

Means for each character followed by the same letter are not significantly different according to the LSD test at .