Electromagnetic Field Improved Nanoparticle Impact on Antioxidant Activity and Secondary Metabolite Production in Anthemis gilanica Seedlings

Table 1

Effect of EMF and SiO₂ NPs on some growth parameters and protein content in A. gilanica seedlings.

Parameters	Treatments
	CON	EMF	SiO2 NP	EMF + SiO2 NP
FW (g plant^−1)	0.72 ± 0.038^cd	1.20 ± 0.065^a	0.78 ± 0.033^c	0.83 ± 0.046^b
DW (g plant^−1)	0.067 ± 0.0041^c	0.098 ± 0.0039^a	0.071 ± 0.0044^c	0.069 ± 0.0032^b
Shoot length (cm)	2.25 ± 0.091^b	2.15 ± 0.083^b	2.77 ± 0.064^a	2.11 ± 0.085^b
Root length (cm)	7.76 ± 1.091^bc	11.12 ± 0.835^a	8.85 ± 0.723^b	11.50 ± 0.698^a
No. of adventitious roots	5.5 ± 0.431^b	11.25 ± 0.335^a	5.85 ± 0.463^b	12.5 ± 0.227^a
RWC (%)	52.8 ± 1.956^c	73.8 ± 3.982^a	65.7 ± 2.173^b	65.7 ± 2.361^b
Protein (mg g^−1 FW)	25.1 ± 1.723^c	42.7 ± 2.791^a	23.5 ± 1.380 ^cd	36.8 ± 2.297^b

Bars indicate means ± SE (n = 5) in each group. Different letters indicate significant differences at .