Research Article

Phenotypic Diversity within Ugandan Yam (Dioscorea species) Germplasm Collection

Table 2

Morphological descriptors used for phenotypic characterization of yam genotypes.

DescriptorDescriptionPeriod of collection

Vine per plantCounting of the number of vines on each plant16 weeks after planting
Spine on sprout0 = absent and 1 = present
Vine colour1 = green, 2 = purplish green, 3 = brownish green, 4 = dark brown, and 5 = purple
Spines on vine0 = absent, 1 = few, and 2 = many
Leaf position1 = alternate, 2 = opposite, and 3 = alternate at base/opposite above
Leaf widthMeasured (cm)
Leaf lengthMeasured (cm)
Leaf areaCalculated (cm)
Leaf shape1 = ovate, 3 = cordate, 5 = sagittate, and 7 = hastate
Leaf density3 = low, 5 = intermediate, and 7 = high
Petiole lengthMeasured (cm)
Plant vigour1 = weak, 2 = medium, and 3 = vigorous
Petiole colour3 = light green, 5 = dark green, 7 = green purple, 8 = red, and 9 = purple

Sex of flower0 = non flowering, 1 = male flowers, 2 = female flower, 3 = monoecious male (predominantly male), and 4 = monoecious female (predominantly female)Two weeks after flowering
Flower intensity0 = no flower, 1 = aborted flower, 3 = low, 5 = moderate, 7 = profuse, and 9 = extremely profuse
Days to floweringCounting in days (first observation of flower)
Flower lengthThe length of the flower (cm)

Yam anthracnose disease1 = no visible symptoms, 2 = few on leaves, 3 = mild symptoms, 4 = severe symptoms, and 5 = severe leaf distortion and stuntingMonthly (8 weeks after planting)
Yam virus disease1 = no visible symptoms, 2 = mosaic on most leaves, 3 = mild symptoms, 4 = severe mosaic, and 5 = severe leaf distortion and stunting

Tuber weightCalculated per plotBetween 1 and 14 days after harvesting
Tuber numberCounted per plot
Tuber circumferenceThe average circumference length of 3 tubers per plot in cm
Tuber surface texture1 = smooth and 2 = rough
Tuber branching0. no branching, 3. Slightly branching, 5. Branched, and 7. Highly branched
Tuber lengthThe average length of 3 tubers per plot in cm
Tuber shape1 = spherical/round, 2 = oval, 3 = cylindrical, and 4 = irregular
Tuber size1 = small (less than 15 cm length, 2 = medium (between 15 and 25 cm length), and 3 = big (more than 25 cm length)
Dry matter contentCalculated using the oven method