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International Journal of Analytical Chemistry
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International Journal of Analytical Chemistry
/
2011
/
Article
/
Tab 1
/
Research Article
Formaldehyde in Alcoholic Beverages: Large Chemical Survey Using Purpald Screening Followed by Chromotropic Acid Spectrophotometry with Multivariate Curve Resolution
Table 1
Results of the quantitative determination using chromotropic acid.
Sample category
Total number tested
Positive samples
Average (mg/L)
Standard deviation (mg/L)
P90 (mg/L)
P95 (mg/L)
P99 (mg/L)
Maximum (mg/L)
Samples above limit (2.6 mg/L)
Beer
60
0%
—
—
—
—
—
—
0
Wine
22
41%
0.13
0.29
0.37
0.54
1.03
1.15
0
Vodka
115
0%
—
—
—
—
—
—
0
Fruit spirits
85
44%
0.20
0.61
0.39
0.68
1.77
5.39
1
Tequila
40
83%
0.70
1.22
1.77
2.87
5.26
6.06
2
Asian spirits
23
59%
2.26
4.60
9.75
13.44
14.21
14.37
4
Marc
13
54%
0.49
0.86
1.66
2.20
2.64
2.75
1
Whiskey
13
31%
0.20
0.46
0.55
1.03
1.50
1.62
0
Brandy
10
50%
0.09
0.61
1.15
1.41
1.62
1.67
0
Cachaça
10
20%
0.10
0.26
0.21
0.51
0.76
0.99
0
Unrecorded
117
29%
0.22
0.71
0.72
1.08
1.56
6.71
1
Total sample
508
26%
0.27
1.21
0.70
1.11
6.14
14.37
9