The Influence of Different Drying Methods on Constituents and Antioxidant Activity of Saffron from China

Table 1

The contents of crocins, safranal, and picrocrocin in saffron determined according to ISO/TS 3632 (2003).

Number	Drying treatment type	Drying temperature and duration	E440 nm	E330 nm	E254 nm	Quantity of crocins-1	Quantity of crocins-2	IC50
S1	Electric oven drying	50°C for 50 min	210.42 ± 0.9	26.75 ± 0.41	73.37 ± 0.36	16.84 ± 0.05	6.82 ± 0.05	19.38 ± 0.71
S2	Electric oven drying	50°C for 65 min	214.20 ± 1.47	28.49 ± 0.35	81.14 ± 0.24	17.36 ± 0.15	6.78 ± 0.04	20.01 ± 0.68
S3	Electric oven drying	60°C for 45 min	219.95 ± 0.88	30.29 ± 0.27	81.16 ± 0.23	17.91 ± 0.10	7.36 ± 0.05	23.70 ± 0.67
S4	Electric oven drying	60°C for 60 min	222.62 ± 1.01	29.87 ± 0.13	83.04 ± 0.28	17.57 ± 0.02	7.80 ± 0.11	18.35 ± 0.82
S5	Electric oven drying	70°C for 30 min	223.36 ± 1.46	33.68 ± 0.04	85.23 ± 0.21	17.84 ± 0.06	7.25 ± 0.09	18.02 ± 0.78
S6	Electric oven drying	70°C for 45 min	224.72 ± 0.36	32.75 ± 0.37	87.01 ± 0.31	17.73 ± 0.11	7.68 ± 0.07	19.53 ± 0.78
W-1	Microwave drying at 600 W	3 min	228.31 ± 0.46	31.72 ± 0.21	87.70 ± 0.62	18.42 ± 0.09	7.73 ± 0.02	23.24 ± 0.82
W-2	Microwave drying at 600 W	6 min	225.39 ± 0.36	35.62 ± 0.24	91.25 ± 0.14	18.23 ± 0.07	7.17 ± 0.03	22.81 ± 0.76
W-3	Microwave drying at 450 W	6 min	231.97 ± 0.22	31.93 ± 0.32	87.07 ± 0.42	18.34 ± 0.04	7.72 ± 0.08	30.46 ± 0.92
W-4	Microwave drying at 450 W	10 min	228.29 ± 0.47	32.85 ± 0.42	89.68 ± 0.21	18.69 ± 0.08	7.94 ± 0.06	27.02 ± 0.77
Z-1	Vacuum oven drying at 0.1 Mpa	50°C for 30 min	209.54 ± 0.34	29.98 ± 0.16	87.10 ± 0.07	16.67 ± 0.06	7.23 ± 0.07	22.65 ± 0.75
Z-2	Vacuum oven drying at 0.1 Mpa	50°C for 45 min	218.58 ± 1.57	37.35 ± 0.05	91.09 ± 0.29	16.86 ± 0.20	7.30 ± 0.05	23.63 ± 0.98
Z-3	Vacuum oven drying at 0.1 Mpa	60°C for 30 min	217.21 ± 0.31	31.25 ± 0.19	86.19 ± 0.21	17.56 ± 0.01	7.31 ± 0.01	14.46 ± 0.74
Z-4	Vacuum oven drying at 0.1 Mpa	60°C for 45 min	222.13 ± 0.78	27.53 ± 0.28	81.66 ± 0.06	17.47 ± 0.08	7.73 ± 0.01	26.52 ± 0.95
Z-5	Vacuum oven drying at 0.1 Mpa	70°C for 30 min	226.89 ± 1.67	29.09 ± 0.75	83.90 ± 0.33	18.19 ± 0.19	7.55 ± 0.03	30.41 ± 0.82
Z-6	Vacuum oven drying at 0.1 Mpa	70°C for 45 min	225.95 ± 1.4	28.94 ± 0.13	82.30 ± 0.51	18.15 ± 0.12	7.76 ± 0.06	28.67 ± 0.90