|
| Drug analyzed | DBS card/paper used | Diameter of disk punched for analysis, mm | Calibration range, ng/mL | Stability of DBS samples | Elution procedure (min) | V, Extraction solvent | Recovery (%) | Mass-spectrometer | Detection mode | Mass or transmission,
m/z | Internal standard | Ref. |
|
| Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors |
|
| Ramipril | Whatman 903 | 8 | 0.5 - 100 | 84 days, RT | mixed (1 min) + sonicated (30 min) | 150 μL, MeOH/H2O (70:30, v/v) | ≥92 | Agilent G6530A QTOF | TOF | 417.2384 | Atenolol | [48] |
| Whatman 903 | 8 | - | 84 days, RT | mixed (1 min) + sonicated (30 min) | 150 μL, MeOH/H2O (70:30, v/v) | - | Agilent 6530 QTOF | TOF | 417.2384 | Atenolol | [49] |
| Whatman 903 | 8 | 0.1 - 100 | 70 days, RT | mixed (1 min) + sonicated (30 min) | 300 μL, MeOH | ≥87 | Agilent G6530A QTOF | TOF | 417.2384 | Atenolol-d7 | [50] |
| Ahlstrom 226 | 8 | See [48] | - | mixed (1 min) + sonicated (30 min) | 150 μL, MeOH/H2O (70:30, v/v) | See [48] | Agilent G6530A QTOF | TOF | 417.2384 | Atenolol | [51] |
|
| Ramiprilat | Whatman 903 | Whole DBS | 5 - 250 | 21 days, 25°C
21 days, 37°C
21 days,-20°C | mixed (1 min) + sonicated (10 min) + mixed (45 min) | 300 μL, MeOH/0.1% FA (90:10, v/v) | 65-81 | Agilent 6460 QQQ | MRM | 389.2 → 206.1 | Ramiprilat-d5 | [52] |
| Ahlstrom 226 | 8 | See [48] | - | mixed (1 min) + sonicated (30 min) | 150 μL, MeOH/H2O (70:30, v/v) | See [48] | Agilent G6530A QTOF | TOF | 389.2071 | Atenolol | [51] |
|
| Captopril | Whatman 903 | 8 | 10 - 400 | 84 days, RT | mixed (1 min) + sonicated (30 min) | 200 μL, MeOH/H2O (60:40, v/v) with 10% v/v 200 mM DTT | 90 ± 10 | Agilent 1100 Ion Trap
Agilent 6530 TOF | SRM
TOF | 218.0
218.0845 | Enalapril maleate | [53] |
|
| Lisinopril | Whatman 903 | 8 | 0.1 - 100 | 70 days, RT | mixed (1 min) + sonicated (30 min) | 300 μL, MeOH | ≥87 | Agilent G6530A QTOF | TOF | 406.2336 | Atenolol-d7 | [50] |
|
| Angiotensin II receptor antagonists |
|
| Valsartan | Whatman 903 | 8 | 50 - 4000 | 70 days, RT | mixed (1 min) + sonicated (30 min) | 300 μL MeOH | ≥87 | Agilent G6530A QTOF | TOF | 436.2343 | Atenolol-d7 | [50] |
| Whatman 903 | 8 | - | 84 days, RT | mixed (1 min) + sonicated (30 min) | 150 μL, MeOH/H2O (70:30, v/v) | - | Agilent 6530 QTOF | TOF | 436.2343 | Atenolol | [49] |
| Whatman DMPK-A | 10 | 6 - 2000 | 30 days, RT | mixed (15 min) | 1000 μL, MeOH | 98 | - | fluorescence | - | - | [54] |
|
| Irbesartan | Whatman 903 | 3 | 20 | 30 days, RT | mixed (5 min) + sonicated (10 min) | 500 μL, MeOH/H2O (50:50, v/v) | | Agilent 1100 Ion Trap | MRM | 427.3 → 193.0 | Irbesartan | [55] |
| Whatman DMPK-A | 10 | 6 - 2000 | 30 days, RT | mixed (15 min) | 1000 μL, MeOH | 99 | - | fluorescence | - | - | [54] |
|
| Losartan | Whatman 903 | 8 | 5 - 1000 | 70 days, RT | mixed (1 min) + sonicated (30 min) | 300 μL, MeOH | ≥87 | Agilent G6530A QTOF | TOF | 423.1695 | Atenolol-d7 | [50] |
| Whatman 903 | 3 | 1 - 200 | 30 days, RT | mixed (5 min) + sonicated (10 min) | 500 μL, MeOH/H2O (50:50, v/v) | 89-94 | Agilent 1100 Ion Trap | MRM | 421.2 → 179.0 | Irbesartan | [55] |
| Whatman DMPK-A | 10 | 12 - 4000 | 30 days, RT | mixed (15 min) | 1000 μL, MeOH | 98 | - | fluorescence | - | - | [54] |
|
| Losartan carboxylic acid | Whatman 903 | 3 | 5 - 1000 | 30 days, RT | mixed (5 min) + sonicated (10 min) | 500 μL, MeOH/H2O (50:50, v/v) | 93-98 | Agilent 1100 Ion Trap | MRM | 421.2 → 179.0 | Irbesartan | [55] |
|
| Calcium channel blockers |
|
| Verapamil | Whatman 903
Whatman DMPK-C
Ahlstrom 237
Whatman DMPK-A
Whatman DMPK-B | 3 | 500 | | mixed (60 min) | 200 μL, ACN/H2O (75:25, v/v) | | AB Sciex API 4000 | SRM | 455 → 165 | Verapamil | [56] |
| Whatman DMPK-C | 2 | 1 - 1000 | | Used SPE cartridge | 1000 μL, 0.2% FA in H2O | 81 | AB Sciex API 4000 | MRM | 455.3→ 165.2 | Imipramine | [57] |
| Whatman filter paper, Grade CF 12 | Whole DBS | 50 - 500 | - | On-line desorption | 100% ACN | - | Agilent 1100 MSD single Q VL version | SRM | - | Trimipramine-d3 | [58] |
| Whatman grade SG81 ion exchange paper | Whole DBS | 0.01 - 10000 | - | Paper spray | MeCl2/isopropanol
(90:10, v/v) | - | Thermo TSQ Quantum Access Max QQQ | SRM | 455 → 303 | - | [59] |
|
| Amlodipine | Whatman 903 | 8 | - | 84 days, RT | mixed (1 min) + sonicated (30 min) | 150 μL, MeOH/H2O (70:30, v/v) | - | Agilent 6530 QTOF | TOF | 431.1344 | Atenolol | [49] |
|
| Nifedipine | Ahlstrom 226 | 4 | 10 - 10000 | 1 day, RT | - | 200 μL, ACN/H2O
(75:25, v/v) | - | AB Sciex API 4000 | MRM | 347→ 315 | [13C,15N2]-nifedipine nitrophenyl pyridine | [60] |
|
| Pregabalin | Whatman 903 | 4 | 200 - 20000 | 120 days, 4°C | mixed (10 min) + Derivatization | 100 μL, 0.1 mol/L HCl | 98-102 | Thermo TSQ Quantum Access MAX QQQ | SRM | 288.0 → 142.1
288.0 → 228.0 | 4-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid | [61] |
|
| Diltiazem | Whatman 903 | 8 | 0.5 - 600 | 70 days, RT | mixed (1 min) + sonicated (30 min) | 300 μL, MeOH | ≥87 | Agilent G6530A QTOF | TOF | 415.1686 | Atenolol-d7 | [50] |
|
| blockers |
|
| Guanfacine | Whatman DMPK-C | 5 | 0.05 - 25 | 76 days, RT | mixed (10 min) | 600 μL, TBME | ~80 | AB SCIEX 5500 QTRAP | SRM | 246.1→ 60.1 | [13C,15N3]-guanfacine hydrochloride | [62] |
| Whatman DMPK-C | 4 | 0.01 - 25 | - | On-line DBS-SPE system | 1000 μL, ACN/0.1% FA (80:20, v/v) + 1000 μL, 0.1% FA | - | AB SCIEX 5500 QTRAP | SRM | 246.1 → 60.1 | [13C,15N3]-guanfacine hydrochloride | [63] |
| two-layered polymeric membrane | 2 | 0.25 - 250 | - | On-line DBS-SPE system | 1000 μL, ACN/0.1% FA (80:20, v/v) + 1000 μL, 0.1% FA | - | AB SCIEX 5500 QTRAP | SRM | 246.1 → 60.1 | [13C,15N3]-guanfacine hydrochloride | [64] |
|
| Doxazosin | Whatman 903 | 8 | - | 84 days, RT | mixed (1 min) + sonicated (30 min) | 150 μL, MeOH/H2O (70:30, v/v) | - | Agilent 6530 QTOF | TOF | 452.1928 | Atenolol | [49] |
| Whatman 903 | 8 | 0.1 - 100 | 70 days, RT | mixed (1 min) + sonicated (30 min) | 300 μL, MeOH | ≥87 | Agilent G6530A QTOF | TOF | 452.1928 | Atenolol-d7 | [50] |
|
| Prazosin | Whatman 903
Whatman DMPK-C
Ahlstrom 237
Whatman DMPK-A
Whatman DMPK-B | 3 | 100 - 10000 | - | mixed (60 min) + sonicated (30 min) | 200 μL, ACN/H2O (75:25, v/v) or
MeOH for DMPK-B | - | AB Sciex API 4000 | SRM | 384 → 247 | Verapamil | [56] |
|
| blockers |
|
| Propranolol | Whatman 903 | Whole DBS | 5 - 250 | 21 days, 25°C
21 days, 37°C
21 days,-20°C | mixed (1 min) + sonicated (10 min)+ mixed (45 min) | 300 μL, MeOH/0.1% FA (90:10, v/v) | 91-99 | Agilent 6460 QQQ | MRM | 260.2 → 116.1 | Propranolol-d7 | [52] |
| Whatman 903 | 3.2 | 2.5 - 200 | 30 days, RT
30 days, 4°C
30 days,-20°C | mixed (25 min) | 200 μL, MeOH/0.1% FA (95:5, v/v) | 94-100 | AB SCIEX 5500 QTRAP | MRM | 260.1 → 116.1 | Propranolol-d7 | [65] |
| Whatman DMPK-C | 2 | 1 - 1000 | - | Used SPE cartridge | 1000 μL, 0.2% FA in H2O | 83 | AB Sciex API 4000 | MRM | 260.1→ 116.1 | Imipramine | [57] |
| Sartorius TFN, Munktell TFN, Whatman DMPK-C | Whole DBS | 0 - 20 | 7 days, 4°C | sonicated (45 + 30 min) | 100 μL, MeOH + 400 μL, TBME + 300 μL, acetone | 71 | Thermo Q Exactive | scan-to-scan | 260.1645 | Cocaine-d3 | [66] |
| Watman DMPK-B | 3 | 1 - 500 | - | mixed (10 min) | 300 μL, MeOH | - | AB Sciex API 4000 | MRM | - | Propranolol-d3 | [67] |
| Whatman filter paper | 4 | 1 - 500 | - | Heating | 25 μL, MeOH with 0.1% FA | 70–82 | AB SCIEX 3200 QTRAP | MRM | 260 → 183 | Propranolol-d7 | [68] |
|
| Bisoprolol | Whatman 903 | 8 | 0.1 - 100 | 70 days, RT | mixed (1 min) + sonicated (30 min) | 300 μL, MeOH | ≥87 | Agilent G6530A QTOF | TOF | 326.2326 | Atenolol-d7 | [50] |
| Whatman 903 | 8 | 0.1 - 100 | 84 days, RT | mixed (1 min) + sonicated (30 min) | 150 μL, MeOH/H2O (70:30, v/v) | ≥92 | Agilent G6530A QTOF | TOF | 326.2326 | Atenolol | [48] |
| Whatman 903 | 8 | - | 84 days, RT | mixed (1 min) + sonicated (30 min) | 150 μL, MeOH/H2O (70:30, v/v) | ~98 | Agilent 6530 QTOF | TOF | 326.2326 | Atenolol | [49] |
| Whatman 903 | Whole DBS | 5 - 250 | 21 days, 25°C
21 days, 37°C
21 days,-20°C | mixed (1 min) + sonicated (10 min)+ mixed (45 min) | 300 μL, MeOH/0.1% FA (90:10, v/v) | 74-83 | Agilent 6460 QQQ | MRM | 326.2 → 116.1 | Bisoprolol-d5 | [52] |
| Sartorius TFN, Munktell TFN, Whatman DMPK-C | Whole DBS | 0 - 20 | 7 days, 4°C | sonicated (45 + 30 min) | 100 μL, MeOH + 400 μL, TBME + 300 μL, acetone | 60 | Thermo Q Exactive | scan-to-scan | 326.2326 | Cocaine-d3 | [66] |
| Ahlstrom 226 | 8 | See [48] | See [48] | mixed (1 min) + sonicated (30 min) | 150 μL, MeOH/H2O (70:30, v/v) | See [48] | Agilent G6530A QTOF | TOF | 326.2326 | Atenolol | [51] |
|
| Atenolol | Whatman 903 | 8 | - | 84 days, RT | mixed (1 min) + sonicated (30 min) | 150 μL, MeOH/H2O (70:30, v/v) | - | Agilent 6530 QTOF | TOF | 267.1703 | Atenolol | [49] |
| Whatman 903 | 8 | 10 - 1500 | 70 days, RT | mixed (1 min) + sonicated (30 min) | 300 μL, MeOH | ≥87 | Agilent G6530A QTOF | TOF | 267.1703 | Atenolol-d7 | [50] |
| Whatman 903 | 5 | 25 - 1500 | 70 days, 25°C | mixed (1 min) + sonicated (30 min) | 200 μL, MeOH/H2O (60:40, v/v) | 96-100 | Agilent 6530 QTOF | TOF | 267.1703 | Atenolol-d7 | [29] |
|
| Metoprolol | Whatman DMPK-A | 5 | 2.5 - 2500 | 14 days, RT | mixed (3 min) | 200 μL, 2% ammonium hydroxide + 700 μL, ethyl acetate | 77-86 | AB Sciex API 5000 | MRM | 268.2 → 116.2 | Metoprolol-d7 | [69] |
| Sartorius TFN, Munktell TFN, Whatman DMPK-C | Whole DBS | 0 - 20 | 7 days, 4°C | sonicated (45 + 30 min) | 100 μL, MeOH + 400 μL, TBME + 300 μL, acetone | 68 | Thermo Q Exactive | scan-to-scan | 268.1907 | Cocaine-d3 | [66] |
|
| Endothelin receptor antagonists |
|
| Bosentan | Whatman DMPK-A | - | 2 - 1500 | 105 days, RT | Used Sample Card And Prep DBS System | MeOH/H2O (50:50, v/v) | 83-92 | AB Sciex API 4000 | MRM | 552.2 → 202.1 | Bosentan-d4 | [70] |
| Whatman DMPK-A | - | 2 - 3000 | 105 days, RT | Used Sample Card And Prep DBS System | MeOH/H2O (50:50, v/v) | 83-92 | AB Sciex API 4000 | MRM | 552.2 → 202.1 | Bosentan-d4 | [71] |
| Whatman DMPK-C | 6.2 | 2.5 - 4000 | 147 days, RT
14 days, 37°C
14 days,-20°C | sonicated (20 min) + mixed (20 min) | 400 μL, H2O + 4000 μL, TBME | 69-83 | Thermo TSQ7000 QQQ | MRM | 552.4 → 202.1 | Bosentan-d4 | [72] |
|
| Ambrisentan | Whatman DMPK-C | 6.2 | 2.5 - 1000 | 147 days, RT
14 days, 37°C
14 days,-20°C | sonicated (20 min) + mixed (20 min) | 400 μL, H2O + 4000 μL, TBME | 88-94 | Thermo TSQ7000 QQQ | MRM | 347.3 → 125 | Ambrisentan-d10 | [72] |
|
| Statins |
|
| Simvastatin | Whatman 903 | 8 | 1 - 100 | 84 days, RT | mixed (1 min) + sonicated (30 min) | 150 μL, MeOH/H2O (70:30, v/v) | ~43 | Agilent G6530A QTOF | TOF | 441.261 Na adduct | Atenolol | [48] |
| Whatman 903 | 8 | 0.1 - 100 | 70 days, RT | mixed (1 min) + sonicated (30 min) | 300 μL, MeOH | 68 | Agilent G6530A QTOF | TOF | 441.2611 | Atenolol-d7 | [50] |
| Whatman 903 | 8 | - | 84 days, RT | mixed (1 min) + sonicated (30 min) | 150 μL, MeOH/H2O (70:30, v/v) | ~40 | Agilent 6530 QTOF | TOF | 441.2611 | Atenolol | [49] |
| Ahlstrom 226 | 8 | See [70] | See [70] | mixed (1 min) + sonicated (30 min) | 150 μL, MeOH/H2O (70:30, v/v) | See [70] | Agilent G6530A QTOF | TOF | 418.2719 / 441.2611 NA adduct | Atenolol | [51] |
|
| Atorvastatin | Whatman 903 | 8 | 0.5 - 100 | 70 days, RT | mixed (1 min) + sonicated (30 min) | 300 μL, MeOH | ≥87 | Agilent G6530A QTOF | TOF | 559.2610 | Atenolol-d7 | [50] |
|
| Rosuvastatin | Whatman DMPK- B | 3 | 0.5 - 80 | | mixed (60 min) | 100 μL, MeOH | | Waters Xevo TQ-S QQQ | MRM | 482 → 258 | Rosuvastatin-d6 | [73] |
|
