A Urine Metabonomics Study of Rat Bladder Cancer by Combining Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry with Random Forest Algorithm

Figure 2

Histopathological specimen examination of the rat bladder of the control (a), 15th week (b), 25th week (c), and 35th week (d). Note. (a) The epithelial tissue was composed of 2–3 layers, and the cells were extremely obvious, without abnormality, and arranged in an orderly manner. (b)There were papillary hyperplasia in the partial region, the epithelial cell had 4–6 layers, polarity had a little disorder, and the cell’s morphology and size had a certain atypia. (c) The layer number of tumor cell increased significantly with ball-shaped distribution, the sizes of tumor cells were different, the nucleus was deeply dyed and showed polymorphism, the atypia was obvious, and some tumor cells showed the characteristics of squamous cell tumor differentiation. (d) The nucleus was deeply stained, the nuclear membrane was thickened, the nucleoli were obvious and showed pathological karyokinesis, and the muscularis was deeply infiltrated.

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