Techniques for Detection of Clinical Used Heparins

Table 1

The characteristics of routine heparin analysis and detection methods.

Method	Samples	Purpose	Loading quantity	LOD/LOQ	Ref nr
NMR	Standards	To quantify the degree of porcine derived heparin adulteration with bovine derived heparin	70 mg/mL	2% w/w	[43]
MS	Tissue/standards	To identify the disaccharide components retaining the differential isomerization configuration of the parental heparin chain	—	—	[44]
CE	Standards	To quantify the degree of heparin adulteration with OSCS	5-10 mg/mL	0.05% w/w	[45]
PAGE	Tissue/standards	To quantify the degree of heparin adulteration with OSCS	0.16-4 mg/mL	0.1–5% w/w	[45]
SAX-HPLC	Standards	To analyze the structure and content of oligosaccharides after digesting heparin by heparinases	2.5 mg/mL	LOD 0.1% LOQ 0.3%	[46]
WAX-HPLC	Standards	To isolate and quantify the degree of heparin adulteration with OSCS	1 mg/mL	0.025–0.075% w/w	[47]
SEC	Standards	To quantitatively analyze the molecular weight of UH and LMWH	0.02 mg/mL	—	[48]
LC-MS	Standards	To detect heparin mixture derived from different sources by analyzing the composition difference of disaccharide and tetrasaccharide	Disaccharide: 1 mg/mL. Tetrasaccharide: 2 mg/mL	—	[49]
HPLC-UV	Tissue/standards	To analyze the disaccharide and tetrasaccharide composition of heparin oligosaccharides	Disaccharide: 250 μg/mL tetrasaccharide: 5 mg/mL	—	[50]
CE-MS	Standards	To analyze the disaccharide components of heparin oligosaccharides	100 μg/mL	—	[51]