Point-of-Care Diagnoses and Assays Based on Lateral Flow Test

Table 1

Overview of LFT in point-of-care diagnosis.

Assay/diagnosis of a pathology	Type of recognition part	Type of label attached to the recognition part	Analytical specifications	Reference
COVID-19	Antibody	Colloidal gold	Full correlation with ELISA for clinical samples testing	[37]
COVID-19-specific antibodies recognition	SARS-CoV-2 nucleoproteins	Selenium nanoparticles	20 ng/ml for IgM and 5 ng/ml for IgG in 10 minutes	[38]
Mycoplasma	p48 protein	Carbon nanoparticles	100% specificity, no cross-reactivity, full correlation with ELISA	[39]
Dinitolmide in tissue	Monoclonal antibody	Gold nanoparticles	Limit of detection of 2.5 μg/kg for chicken tissue containing dinitolmide	[40]
Protein p24 of human immunodeficiency virus	Monoclonal antibody	Gold nanoparticles	Limit of detection of 8 pg/ml	[41]
Diagnosis of cancer by CA125 assay	Aptamer	Gold nanoparticles	Limit of detection of 3.71 U/ml	[50]
Ampicillin in water	DNA aptamer	Hexachlorofluorescein	Limit of quantification of 2.71 ng/l	[51]
Dopamine in urine	DNA aptamer	Gold nanoparticles	Limit of detection of 50 ng/ml	[52]
Cancer marker osteopontin	Biotinylated aptamer	Conjugate streptavidin-gold nanoparticles	Limit of detection 0.1 ng/ml, with a dynamic range of 10 to 500 ng/ml, time per assay 5 minutes	[53]
Assay of vaspin as an early marker of type-2 diabetes	Aptamer	Fluorescent upconverting nanoparticles	Limit of detection for vaspin of 39 pg/ml	[54]
Exosomes for rapid diagnosis of lung cell cancer	Aptamer specific to CD63 on exosomes surface	Gold nanoparticles	Detection of 6.4 × 10^9 exosomes/ml	[55]
Shiga toxin type II	Antibodies	Gold nanoparticles and CdSe quantum dots	25 ng/ml (labeling by gold nanoparticles), 5 ng/ml (labeling by quantum dots)	[60]