Point-of-Care Diagnoses and Assays Based on Lateral Flow Test

Table 2

LFT signal recording by an analytical instrument.

Type of assay	Type of instrumentation	Physical principle of the instrumental assay	Reference
LFT for p24 protein from human immunodeficiency virus, gold nanoparticles conjugated with a monoclonal antibody against p24 were used	Laser alighting specific spots, IR camera visually recording temperature	Thermal contrast reading	[41]
Detection of 16S rRNA gene from Escherichia coli by hybridization and use of biotinylated probe and peroxidase conjugated with streptavidin, peroxidase was responsible for the chemiluminescent reaction	Digital camera with CMOS chip	Digital camera recorded chemiluminescence provided by peroxidase	[76]
Detection of fumonisin, labeling of antibodies by peroxidase allows performing chemiluminescent chemical reaction that is instrumentally measured	Digital camera with CCD chip	Digital camera recorded chemiluminescence provided by peroxidase	[77]
LFT immunoassay of progesterone based on labeling by carbon colloid	Digital scanner	Strips were scanned and digital data analyzed	[78]
The LFT assay comprised of the use of streptavidin-biotinylated DNA probes modified with gold nanoparticles	Smartphone camera	Detected spots were photographed by a smartphone camera, and coloration was measured	[79]
LFT where coloration was initiated Prussian blue nanoparticles as artificial nanozymes	Smartphone camera	Detected spots were photographed by a smartphone camera, and coloration was measured	[80]