International Journal of Analytical Chemistry

Research Article

Comparison of Essential Oils of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. from Different Processing Methods and Harvest Seasons Based on GC-MS and Chemometric Analysis

Table 2

Pharmacological effects of chemical markers identified for DHC and FHC, DHC1 and DHC2, and FHC1 and FHC2 from the OPLS-DA validation plot.


Compound		Chemical formula	Classification	value	VIP value	Pharmacological effects

DHC- FHC	α-Pinene^a	C₁₀H₁₆	Monoterpene hydrocarbons	7.37 × 10⁻⁸	1.70	Anti-inflammatory [13], antioxidant [14], antitumor [14], antifungal [14], antiallergy, improving ulcer [14], antianxiety [14]
	Limonene^b	C₁₀H₁₆	Monoterpene hydrocarbons	8.43 × 10⁻¹¹	1.76	Anti-inflammatory [15], antidiabetic effects [16], immunomodulatory activity [17], analgesic [18], hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities [19], antimicrobial activity [20], anticancer activity [20], insecticidal activity [20]
	β-Phellandrene^c	C₁₀H₁₆	Monoterpene hydrocarbons	8.75 × 10⁻⁷	2.19	Antitumor activity [21], antioxidant activities [22]
	α-Terpineol^d	C₁₀H₁₈O	Oxygenated monoterpenes	5.04 × 10⁻¹²	1.60	Anti-inflammatory and analgesic [23], anticonvulsant [24], gastric protection effects [25]
	4-Tridecanone^e	C₁₃H₂₆O	Aliphatic compounds	7.85 × 10⁻⁵	1.53	—
	Ethyl decanoate^f	C₁₂H₂₄O₂	Aliphatic compounds	1.23 × 10⁻¹⁶	2.68	—
	Nonanal^g	C₉H₁₈O	Aliphatic compounds	1.03 × 10⁻⁷	1.54	—
	1-Nonanol^h	C₉H₂₀O	Aliphatic compounds	8.5810^–9	1.68	—
	β-Cyclocitralⁱ	C₁₀H₁₆O	Oxygenated monoterpenes	2.07 × 10⁻¹²	1.78	—
	n-Hexadecanoic acid^j	C₁₆H₃₂O₂	Aliphatic compounds	2.11 × 10⁻¹¹	1.67	Anti-inflammatory [26]
	Octadecanol^k	C₁₈H₃₈O	Aliphatic compounds	3.58 × 10⁻⁸	1.68	—

DHC1-DHC2	4-Tridecanone^l	C₁₃H₂₆O	Aliphatic compounds	3.43 × 10⁻⁴	3.34	—
DHC1-DHC2	Ethyl decanoate^m	C₁₅H₂₄O	Oxygenated sesquiterpenes	2.39 × 10⁻³	2.56	—

FHC1-FHC2	β-Myrceneⁿ	C₁₀H₁₆	Monoterpene hydrocarbons	4.70 × 10⁻⁶	1.67	Antioxidant [27], liver monooxygenase induction effects [28]
	β-Phellandrene^o	C₁₀H₁₆	Monoterpene hydrocarbons	7.60 × 10⁻³	2.56	Antitumor activity [21], antioxidant activities [22]
	2,6-Octadien-1-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-, acetate, (Z)-^p	C₁₂H₂₀O₂	Oxygenated monoterpenes	5.29 × 10⁻⁵	2.15	—
	Phytol^q	C₂₀H₄₀O	Oxygenated diterpenes	1.27 × 10⁻³	2.32	Anti-inflammatory [29], antibacterial [30], antischistosomiasis [31]

Note: VIP > 1.5 and .The symbol “-” stands for none.