Health Risk Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Drinking Water of Upper Jhelum Region in Kashmir Valley-India by GC-MS/MS
Table 1
Commonly used pesticides in south Kashmir and their toxicological class recommended by WHO.
S.no
Registered names
Chemical class
Toxicity class
Type
1
Mancozeb
Organosulphur
U
Fungicide
2
Propineb
Dithiocarbamate
NC
Fungicide
3
Zineb
Dithiocarbamate
U
Fungicide
4
Captan
Phthalimide
U
Fungicide
5
Dodine
Aliphatic nitrogen
II
Fungicide
6
Ziram
Dithiocarbamate
II
Fungicide
7
Dithianon
Quinone
II
Fungicide
8
Hexaconazole/Myclobutanil
Triazole
III
Fungicide
9
Dimethoate
Organophosphate
II
Insecticide
10
Quinalphos/chlorpyrifos
Organothiophosphate
II
Insecticide
11
Flusilazole
Organosilicon
II
Fungicide
12
Trifloxystrobin
Strobilurin
U
Fungicide
13
Tebuconazole/difenoconazole
Triazole
II
Fungicide
14
Hexythiazox
Thiazolidine
U
Acaricide
15
Spiromesifen
Titronic acid
NC
Acaricide
16
Fenazaquin
Unclassified acaricide
II
Acaricide
17
Chlorothalonil
Organochlorine
U
Fungicide
18
Metiram
Dithiocarbamate
U
Fungicide
19
Pyraclostrobin
Strobilurin
NC
Fungicide
20
Carbendazim
Benzimidazole
U
Fungicide
21
Copper oxychloride
Copper fungicide
II
Fungicide
22
Thiacloprid
Thiazolidine
II
Insecticide
23
Carbofuran
Carbamate
Ib
Nematicide
Ib: highly hazardous; II: moderately hazardous; III: slightly hazardous; U: unlikely to pose an acute hazard in normal use; NC: not classified; source: spray schedule SKUAST-K, Department of Horticulture Kashmir & Field survey 2020 [34].