Health Risk Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Drinking Water of Upper Jhelum Region in Kashmir Valley-India by GC-MS/MS

Table 1

Commonly used pesticides in south Kashmir and their toxicological class recommended by WHO.

S.no	Registered names	Chemical class	Toxicity class	Type
1	Mancozeb	Organosulphur	U	Fungicide
2	Propineb	Dithiocarbamate	NC	Fungicide
3	Zineb	Dithiocarbamate	U	Fungicide
4	Captan	Phthalimide	U	Fungicide
5	Dodine	Aliphatic nitrogen	II	Fungicide
6	Ziram	Dithiocarbamate	II	Fungicide
7	Dithianon	Quinone	II	Fungicide
8	Hexaconazole/Myclobutanil	Triazole	III	Fungicide
9	Dimethoate	Organophosphate	II	Insecticide
10	Quinalphos/chlorpyrifos	Organothiophosphate	II	Insecticide
11	Flusilazole	Organosilicon	II	Fungicide
12	Trifloxystrobin	Strobilurin	U	Fungicide
13	Tebuconazole/difenoconazole	Triazole	II	Fungicide
14	Hexythiazox	Thiazolidine	U	Acaricide
15	Spiromesifen	Titronic acid	NC	Acaricide
16	Fenazaquin	Unclassified acaricide	II	Acaricide
17	Chlorothalonil	Organochlorine	U	Fungicide
18	Metiram	Dithiocarbamate	U	Fungicide
19	Pyraclostrobin	Strobilurin	NC	Fungicide
20	Carbendazim	Benzimidazole	U	Fungicide
21	Copper oxychloride	Copper fungicide	II	Fungicide
22	Thiacloprid	Thiazolidine	II	Insecticide
23	Carbofuran	Carbamate	Ib	Nematicide

Ib: highly hazardous; II: moderately hazardous; III: slightly hazardous; U: unlikely to pose an acute hazard in normal use; NC: not classified; source: spray schedule SKUAST-K, Department of Horticulture Kashmir & Field survey 2020 [34].