Change in Serum Uric Acid is a Useful Predictor of All-Cause Mortality among Community-Dwelling Persons

Table 1

Baseline characteristics according to %dSUA quintiles.

Baseline characteristics N = 1,301	%dSUA quintiles			value
	Quintile 1	Quintiles 2–4	Quintile 5
	<−1.88% (year)	−1.87 to 2.50% (year)	≥2.51% (year)
	N = 261	N = 779	N = 261
Men, N (%)	114 (43.7)	343 (44.0)	86 (33.0)	0.006
Age (years)	67  ± 9	61 ± 9	65 ± 10	<0.001
Body mass index (kg/m^2)	23.1 ± 2.7	23.1 ± 3.1	22.6 ± 2.8	0.026
Smoking status^† (%)	51.3/20.7/10.7/17.2	68.8/14.4/5.6/11.2	52.8/17.2/8.0/11.9	<0.001
Drinking status^‡ (%)	65.9/23.0/4.6/6.5	46.5/28.5/14.2/10.8	68.2/21.1/5.4/5.4	<0.001
Cardiovascular disease, N (%)	18 (6.9)	30 (3.9)	14 (5.4)	0.119
Hypertension, N (%)	171 (65.5)	348 (44.7)	149 (57.1)	<0.001
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	135 ± 18	132 ± 19	136 ± 20	0.012
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	79 ± 10	79 ± 11	78 ± 11	0.147
Antihypertensive medication, N (%)	113 (43.3)	163 (20.9)	97 (32.7)	<0.001
Hypertriglyceridemia, N (%)	49 (18.8)	126 (16.2)	31 (11.9)	0.090
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	91 (67–130)	91 (68–124)	84 (63–114)	0.128
Low HDL cholesterolemia, N (%)	5 (1.9)	30 (3.9)	6 (2.3)	0.204
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	65 ± 15	64 ± 16	65 ± 16	0.445
Hyper LDL cholesterolemia, N (%)	124 (47.5)	261 (33.5)	102 (39.1)	<0.001
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	123 ± 32	120 ± 30	120 ± 30	0.378
Antidyslipidemic medication, N (%)	61 (23.4)	73 (9.4)	40 (15.3)	<0.001
Diabetes, N (%)	16 (6.1)	54 (6.9)	25 (9.6)	0.261
Blood glucose (mg/dL)	117 (108–126)	100 (90–114)	114 (99–121)	<0.001
Antidiabetic medication, N (%)	19 (7.3)	47 (6.0)	27 (10.3)	0.064
Chronic kidney disease, N (%)	31 (11.9)	46 (5.9)	18 (6.9)	0.006
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m^2)	72.6 ± 12.1	80.9 ± 15.1	77.4 ± 14.3	<0.001
Hyperuricemia, N (%)	138 (52.9)	304 (39.0)	53 (20.3)	<0.001
SUA (mg/dL)	5.5 ± 1.4	5.1 ± 1.3	4.5 ± 1.2	<0.001

%dSUA, percentage change in serum uric acid; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein. ^†Smoking status was defined as the number of cigarette packs per day multiplied by the number of years smoked (pack-year), and the participants were classified as nonsmokers, ex-smokers, light smokers (<20 pack-years), or heavy smokers (≥20 pack-years). ^‡Alcohol consumption was measured using the Japanese liquor unit, in which a unit corresponds to 22.9 g of ethanol, and the participants were classified as nondrinkers, occasional drinkers (<1 unit/day), daily light drinkers (1-2 units/day), or daily heavy drinkers (2-3 units/day). Data presented are means ± standard deviation. Data for triglycerides and blood glucose were skewed, are presented as median (interquartile range) values, and were log-transformed for analysis. values: ANOVA for continuous variables or the χ²-test for categorical variables. Bolded numbers indicate significance ().