|
| Author | Population | Age-education % women | | Study design | Intervention duration (weeks) # of sessions | Time of followup | Cognitive functions targeted | Strategies | Outcome measures | Results |
|
Auffray
and Juhel [12] |
Community-dwelling |
A: 79.7
(8.9)
E: 9.8
71% |
82
64 in EC
18 in CC |
pRC |
N/A
6 sessions |
6 & 9 months | Attention | Practice of selective
and divided attention | Digit-symbol | ⇑/b in EC & CC |
|
Memory | Face-name association Semantic organization | Verbal immediate and delayed recall | ⇑/g |
| Star counting task | ⇑/g at FU-6 months |
|
Reasoning | Rules explication | Raven’s matrices | =/b |
| Verbal reasoning | =/b |
| Competencies in daily life | =/b |
|
|
Ball et al. [13] |
Community-dwelling and senior centers |
A: 73.6
(5.9)
75.9% |
2832 total 711 in MT 705 in RT 712 in ST 704 in CC |
RC
SB |
5-6 weeks
10 sessions |
12 & 24 months | Memory | Semantic organization Mental imagery | Composite score from: HVLT, AVLT, and RBMT | ⇑/g in MT |
| Reasoning | Abstract reasoning Reasoning about everyday problems | Composite score from: Word series, Letter series, and Letter sets | ⇑/g in RT |
| Speed of processing | Practice under divided attention | Composite score from : UFV | ⇑/g in ST |
|
|
Belleville et al. [14] |
Community-dwelling and from memory clinics for MCI |
A: 66.8
(3.4)
E: 13.3 |
47 total
9 HE in EC
20 MCI in EC
8 HE in CC
8 MCI in CC |
C |
8
8 sessions |
No FU |
Episodic memory | Mental imagery
Method of loci | Face-name recall | ⇑/b in both EC groups |
|
Face-name association | Unrelate word list immediate and delayed recall | ⇑/b in both EC groups, =/b |
| PQRST |
| | Memo-text; short story immediate and delayed recall | =/b |
| Attention | Practice of visual detection & arithmetic tasks | Brown-Peterson | =/b |
|
|
Bherer et al. [15] |
Community-dwelling | HE
A: 71.0
(0.9)
E: N/A
55% |
88 total
32 HE in EC
12 HE in CC |
RC |
3
6 sessions |
No FU |
Attention |
Priorization of a task Practice of orienting attention |
RT | ⇑/b in both EC |
|
Accuracy | ⇑/g in both EC, greater for elderly |
HA
A: 21.4
(0.9)
E: N/A
59% |
32 HA in EC
12 HA in CC | | | |
|
Buiza
et al. [16] |
Community-dwelling with complaint of memory impairment |
A: 74.4
(8.3)
73% |
238 total 85 in EC1 68 in EC2 85 in CC |
Quasiexperimental DB, stratified random |
104
180 sessions |
No FU | Attention/orientation | N/A | Digit span of WMS | ⇑/b in EC1 at FU2 |
| | Information & orientation of WMS-R | ⇑/b in all groups at FU2 |
| Memory | N/A | Logic memory of
WMS-R | ⇑/b in EC1 |
| | AVLT | |
| STM | N/A | N/A | ⇑/b in EC1, EC2 & CC /b in EC1 |
| Working memory | N/A | N/A | ⇑/b in EC1 |
| Executive functions | N/A | Verbal fluency | ⇑/b in EC1 |
| Visual motor speed | N/A | TMT-A | /b in EC1, EC2 & CC |
| | | |
| Abstraction | N/A | | /b in EC2 & CC |
|
|
Calero and Navarro [17] |
Healthy elderly from retirement home |
A: 76.9
(8.4)
65% |
133 total 78 in EC
55 in CC |
Quasiexperimental SB, C |
7
14 sessions |
9 months | Memory | Paired association
Method of loci
Categorisation | MEC | ⇑/g at posttest
& 9 months-FU |
| WM | ⇑/b in EC at posttest
& 9 months-FU |
Attention spatial & temporal orientation
verbal fluency | Digit-span (WAIS-III) | ⇑/g at posttest & 9 months-FU |
|
Craik
et al. [18] | Healthy elderly with subjective complaint of cognitive memory impairment, no MCI |
A: 78.7
(3.9)
55% |
49 total
29 in ETG
20 in LTG |
W-S crossover, BR |
14
14 sessions |
6 months |
Memory |
Psychoeducation categorisation | Alpha-Span | =/b |
Story making
Mental imagery
Spaced retrieval | Brown-Peterson | =/b |
| Association | HVLT-R | ⇑/g |
| Logical stories | ⇑/g and ⇑/b in both groups |
|
Envig
et al. [19] |
Community-dwelling | |
42 total
22 in EC
20 in CC |
RC |
8
8 sessions |
No FU |
Serial verbal recollection memory |
Method of loci | Computerized test of word recognition | ⇑/g |
| Computerized test of source memory | ⇑/g |
|
| Levine et al. [20] | Healthy elderly with subjective complaint of memory impairment, no MCI | A: 78.7
(3.9)
55% | 49 total
29 in ETG
20 in LTG | W-S crossover, BR | 14
14 sessions | 6 months | Strategic behavior | Sequencing
Splitting task in subtasks Prioritization of subgoals | SRLTs | ⇑/g |
| | | | | | | | Monitoring | DEX | =/b in EGT & LGT |
|
|
Mahncke et al. [21] |
Community-dwelling |
A: 70.9
E: 16.3
50% |
182 total 62 in EC 61 in AC 59 in CC |
RC |
8–10
40–50 sessions |
3 months | Speed of processing |
Practice of
computerized exercises | Tasks similar to exercises executed during training | ⇑/b in EC for speed of processing & word span |
| Verbal memory | RBANS | ⇑/g (both AC & CC) |
|
Mozolic
et al. [22] |
Community-dwelling |
A: 69.4
E: N/A
53% |
62 total
30 in EC
32 in CC |
RC
SB |
8
8 sessions |
1 month |
Selective attention |
Practice of exercises aiming at detecting, identifying, classifying, and sequencing visual and auditory stimuli | RT and accuracy
in modality-
specific tasks | RT: ⇑/g
Accuracy: ⇑/g |
| Audiovisual multisensory integration task | RT: ⇑/g in selective visual and auditory tasks |
| SDMT | ⇑/g |
| Walk and Talk paradigm | ⇑/g |
1-Back
2-Back | ⇑/b
⇑/b |
| Stroop-Color-Word test | =/b in both groups |
| TMT | =/b in both groups |
| HVLT | =/b in both groups |
| POMS | =/b in both groups |
| HSQ-12 | =/b in both groups |
|
Slegers
et al. [23] |
Community-dwelling |
A: between 64 and 75
E: N/A |
Total: 236 T/I: 62 T/N-I: 61 NT: 68
CC: 45 |
RC |
2
3 sessions + personal use at home |
4 & 12 months |
No specific cognitive functions |
Training on computer operating system, software skills, or on internet applications | VVLT_Sum 1 to 3 | T/I: ⇑/compared to T/N-I |
| MCRT | =/g |
| LDST | =/g |
| SCWT | T/NI: ⇑ compared to T/I; NT and CC |
| CFQ | =/b |
| CST | T/I : ⇑ compared to T/N-I |
|
Smith
et al., [24] |
Community-dwelling |
A: 75.3
(6.45)
E: 15.65
(2.6)
52.4% |
Total: 487 EC: 242 CC: 245 |
RC
DB |
8
40 sessions |
No FU |
Information processing |
Practice of computerized exercises | RBANS | ⇑/g |
| RAVLT | ⇑/g |
| RBMT | =/g |
| WMS-III | ⇑/g |
| LNS | ⇑/g |
| Digit-span backward | ⇑/g |
| Measure of exercises performance | ⇑/g |
| CSRQ-25 | ⇑/g |
|
Willis
et al. [25] |
Community-dwelling and senior centers |
A: 73.6
(5.9)
75.9% |
2832 total 711 in MT 705 in RT 712 in ST 704 in CC |
RC
SB |
5-6 weeks
10 sessions |
60 months |
Memory | Semantic organization Mental imagery | Composite score from: HVLT, AVLT, and RBMT | ⇑/g in MT |
| Reasoning | Abstract reasoning
Reasoning about everyday problems | Composite score from: Word series, Letter series Letter sets | ⇑/g in RT |
| Speed of processing | Practice under divided attention | Composite score from : UFV | ⇑/g in ST |
| MDS-HC | ⇑/g for RT |
| EPT | =/g |
| OTDL | =/g |
| |
|
