May “Mitochondrial Eve” and Mitochondrial Haplogroups Play a Role in Neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's Disease?

Table 1

A complete list of published researches focusing on mtDNA haplogroups and neurodegenerative diseases.

	Reference	Number of patients	Number of controls	Haplogroups that increase risk	Haplogroups that reduce risk	Sample’s region of origin
Parkinson’s disease	Van der Walt et al. [40]	609	340	None	J in females, K in individuals older than 70 years	Europe
	Autere et al. [42]	238	183	supercluster JTIWX increase risk both in Parkinson disease and in Parkinson with dementia	None	Finland
	Pyle et al. [41]	455	447	None	cluster UKJT	United Kingdom
	Ghezzi et al. [43]	620	1486	None	K	Italy
	Latsoudis et al. [44]	224	383	None	trend for haplogroups J, T, U and I and the supercluster of haplogroups UKJT to be slightly underrepresented in PD patients	Crete
	Takasaki, [79]	96	96	M7b2, B4e, and B5b	None	Japan
	Simon et al. [45]	168 families	895	None	None	USA (non Hispanic Caucasian)
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis	Mancuso et al. [46]	222	151	None	I	Italy
	Chinnery et al. [47]	504	493	None	None	United Kingdom
Friedreich’s ataxia	Giacchetti et al. [48]	99	48	None	No. However, patients with haplogroup U have a delay of 5 years in the disease onset and a lower rate of cardiomyopathy	Italy
Huntington’s disease	Mancuso et al. [49]	51	181	None	None	Italy
	Arning et al. [50]	404	48	haplogroup H associated with a lower age of onset	None	Germany
Multiple sclerosis	Kalman et al. [51]	77	84	K and J	None	Caucasian
	Otaegui et al. [52]	unknown	unknown	unknown	trend for haplogroups JT to be slightly underrepresented in PD patients with multiple sclerosis and multiple sclerosis with optic neuritis	Basque country
	Yu et al. [53]	>2500	>2500	J, 13708A variant	None	Europe (Norway, Spain, Germany, Sardinia, Finland)
	Ban et al. [54]	994	1506	trend for haplogroup U to be overrepresented in patients with multiple sclerosis	None	United Kingdom
	Ghabaee et al. [55]	52	None	Haplogroup A associated with lower age of onset and haplogroup H associated with optic nerve involvement	None	Iran
Alzheimer’s disease	Chagnon et al. [74]	69	83	J	T	Quebec, Canada
	Carrieri et al. [77]	213	179 age-matched and 210 individuals aged more than 100 years	None	K and U seem to neutralize the risk effect of the APOE ε4 allele	Italy
	Van der Walt et al. [75]	989	328	U in males	U in females	Europe
	Pyle et al. [41]	185	447	None	None	United Kingdom
	Elson et al. [78]	145	128	None	None	United Kingdom and United States (European descent)
	Mancuso et al. [56]	209	191	None	None	Italy
	Fesahat et al. [76]	30	100	H and U	None	Iran
	Takasaki, [79]	96	96	G2a, B4c1 and N9b1	None	Japan
	Maruszak et al. [80]	222	252	HV	None	Poland
	Tanaka et al. [84]	153	129	np956-965 poly-c insertion and 856A>G variant	None	Japan
	Santoro et al. [81]	936	776	H5, especially in subjects younger than 75 years old	None	Italy