Formation of Toxic Amyloid Fibrils by Amyloid β-Protein on Ganglioside Clusters
Figure 2
Aβ aggregation on living neuronal cells. (a) Aβ-(1–42) (10 μM) was incubated with PC12 cells for 24 h at 37°C. The distribution of GM1 was detected by using the cholera toxin B subunit conjugated with Alexa Fluor 647 dye (CTX-B, left). Amyloids were visualized by the amyloid-specific dye Congo red (middle). The merging of the two images shows that amyloids were formed in the vicinity of GM1-rich domains of cell membranes (right). Data taken from [10]. (B) Ganglioside-expressing SH-SY5Y cells were incubated with 5 μM Aβ-(1–42) (top), 5 μM Aβ-(1–40) (middle), or 50 μM Aβ-(1–40) (bottom) for 0.5, 18, 24, 48, or 72 h, and the formation of amyloids was detected with Congo red. The conditions under which cell death was observed are framed in green. Data taken from [17].
