Chinese-Language Montreal Cognitive Assessment for Cantonese or Mandarin Speakers: Age, Education, and Gender Effects
Table 4
Comparison of education, gender, test language, and MoCA-ChLA score among the three age groups.
Variables
Age 50–59 years (n = 584)
Age 60–74 years (n = 467)
Age 75–100 years (n = 141)
P value1
Adjusted P value2
Education in years, mean ± SD
11.4 ± 3.6
11.9 ± 4.2
12 ± 4.4
0.06
Female, no. (%)
384 (65.8)
280 (60.0)
70 (49.6)
0.001
Testing language, no. (%)
Cantonese
301 (51.5)
233 (49.9)
41 (29.1)
<0.0001
Mandarin
283 (48.5)
230 (49.3)
99 (70.2)
Taiwanese
0 (0)
4 (0.9)
1 (0.7)
Unadjusted MoCA, mean ± SD
24.4 ± 3.8
23.9 ± 4.2
21.3 ± 5.1
<0.0001
Adjusted MoCA2, lsmean ± SE
23.6 ± 0.6
22.8 ± 0.6
20.1 ± 0.6
<0.0001
1P value obtained from Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables, from Chi-square test for gender, from Fisher exact test for testing language.
2P value obtained from nonparametric analysis of covariance with adjustment for education, gender, and testing language.