Relative Preservation of Advanced Activities in Daily Living among Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Dementia in the Community and Overview of Support Provided by Family Caregivers

Table 2

Differences in ADL activities of patients; past and present, based on caregiver's assessment.

Activities	Present	Past	Percent decrease	Number	𝑃 value
Basic ADL
Dressing	3.05 ± 0.83	4.00	23.7	39	𝑃<0.01
Bathing	3.28 ± 1.00	4.00	17.9	39	𝑃<0.01
Grooming	3.51 ± 0.68	4.00	12.2	39	𝑃<0.01
Toilet	3.59 ± 0.82	4.00	10.3	39	𝑃<0.01
Feeding	3.92 ± 0.27	4.00	1.9	39	ns
Physical ambulation	3.92 ± 0.27	4.00	1.9	39	ns
Instrumental ADL
Responsibility for own medications	0.58 ± 0.76	3.00	80.7	38	𝑃<0.01
Ability to handle finances	0.59 ± 0.93	2.92 ± 0.36	79.6	37	𝑃<0.01
Mode of transportation	0.92 ± 1.14	2.97 ± 0.16	69.1	37	𝑃<0.01
Food preparation	0.86 ± 0.85	2.39 ± 0.96	64.2	28	𝑃<0.01
Shopping	1.09 ± 0.71	2.62 ± 0.78	58.4	34	𝑃<0.01
Ability to use telephone	1.85 ± 1.04	2.97 ± 0.16	37.9	39	𝑃<0.01
Housekeeping	1.35 ± 0.85	2.15 ± 1.13	37.0	34	𝑃<0.01
Laundry	1.74 ± 1.02	2.56 ± 0.89	31.9	27	𝑃<0.01
Advanced ADL (common AADL)
Participation in a meeting	0.84 ± 0.99	3.00	71.9	32	𝑃<0.01
Giving advice to family	0.92 ± 0.95	2.89 ± 0.46	68.2	37	𝑃<0.01
Reading a newspaper	1.32 ± 1.14	3.00	56.1	38	𝑃<0.01
Shopping on special occasions	1.38 ± 0.86	2.78 ± 0.63	50.5	37	𝑃<0.01
Socializing with others	l.54 ± 0.98	3.00	48.6	35	𝑃<0.01
Watching TV	1.82 ± 1.05	3.00	39.3	39	𝑃<0.01
Taking a walk	2.26 ± 0.92	3.00	24.6	23	𝑃<0.01
Care of a grandchild	2.64 ± 0.50	3.00	12.1	11	𝑃<0.05