The Biphasic Role of Microglia in Alzheimer's Disease

Figure 3

Aβ toxicity in neurons and microglia. Aβ is directly toxic to neurons by ROS, and enhances the production of microglia-derived neurotoxic molecules such as glutamate, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Glutamate from degenerated neurons also induces microglial neurotoxicity. IL-34 and FKN induce microglial neuroprotection via Aβ clearance and antioxidant activity.