Taxonomic Distribution of Medicinal Plants for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Cue to Novel Drugs

Figure 1

Alzheimer’s disease. Condition of high neurofibrillary tangles and increased β-amyloid (Aβ) level due to duplication or mutation of β-amyloid precursor proteins (APP) and apolipoprotein E- (APOE-) and presenilin- (PSEN1, PSEN2) encoding genes for proteolytic enzymes. Medicinal plants reduce the effects of Alzheimer’s disease by different proposed mechanisms, decrease β-amyloid level, inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and enhance neurogenesis as well as neuroprotection and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.