Validation of AD8-Philippines (AD8-P): A Brief Informant-Based Questionnaire for Dementia Screening in the Philippines

Table 1

Characteristics of study participants.

	Normal cognition ()	Dementia ()	value
Older persons’ characteristics
Gender, (%)
Male	70 (32.9)	40 (26.1)	0.17
Female	143 (67.1)	113 (73.9)
Age; M (SD)	70.9 (5.2)	76.9 (7.7)	<0.001
Age groups; (%)
60-69 years old	100 (47.2)	31 (20.3)	<0.001
70-79 years old	96 (45.3)	65 (40.4)
≥80 years old	16 (7.5)	57 (37.3)
Education; (SD)	10.8 (3.4)	6.9 (4.0)	<0.001
Level of education; (%)
No formal education (0 year)	1 (0.5)	11 (7.2)	<0.001
Primary education (1-6 years)	35 (16.4)	85 (55.6)
Secondary education (7-10 years)	73 (34.3)	30 (19.6)
Tertiary education (≥11 years)	104 (48.8)	27 (17.6)
Informants’ characteristics
Relationship to the older person, (%)
Spouse	101 (47.4)	43 (28.1)	<0.005
Child	75 (35.2)	84 (54.9)
Grandchild	10 (4.7)	12 (7.8)
Others	27 (12.7)	14 (9.2)
Gender, (%)
Male	84 (39.4)	50 (32.7)	0.23
Female	129 (60.6)	103 (67.3)
Age; (SD)	55.6 (17.0)	51.7 (16.3)	0.05
Age groups; (%)
18-24 years old (young adult)	11 (5.2)	7 (4.6)	0.02
25-64 years old (midadult)	111 (52.1)	104 (68.0)
≥65 years old (older adult)	91 (42.7)	42 (27.4)
Education; (SD)	11.3 (3.2)	10.1 (3.6)	0.01
Level of education; (%)
No formal education (0 year)	0 (0.0)	3 (2.0)	0.01
Primary education (1-6 years)	34 (16.0)	31 (20.3)
Secondary education (7-10 years)	55 (25.8)	60 (39.2)
Tertiary education (≥11 years)	124 (58.2)	59 (38.6)
Clinical assessments; (SD)
CDR-SB	0.0 (0.0)	4 (3.6)	<0.001
MMSE-P	27.9 (1.6)	19.5 (7.4)	<0.001
MoCA-P	24.4 (2.4)	11.9 (6.3)	<0.001
Lawton’s IADL	8.7 (1.7)	16.7 (7.6)	<0.001

AD8-P: Filipino version of AD8; CDR–SB: Clinical Dementia Rating Scale–Sum of Boxes; MMSE–P: Filipino-validated Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-P); MoCA–P: Filipino-validated Montreal Cognitive Assessment; Lawton’s IADL: Lawton’s Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; : mean; SD: standard deviation; : frequency.