Tradeoff Study between Cost and Environmental Impact of Aircraft Using Simultaneous Optimization of Airframe and Engine Cycle

Table 3

Design variables and their bounds.

Variable	Lower bound	Baseline	Upper bound
Wing area (m^2)	300	355.49	400
Wing sweep (°)	27	32.4	36
Wing aspect ratio	8	10.4672	13
Wing taper ratio	0.1	0.1062	0.12
Thickness to chord ratio at wing root	0.11	0.135	0.15
Maximum takeoff thrust (kN)	280	334	420
Engine bypass ratio	8	11	15
Fan pressure ratio	1.5	1.58	1.75
Low-pressure compressor pressure ratio	2.5	3.2	4.5
Overall pressure ratio	40	52	60
Turbine inlet temperature (K)	1650	1800	1900