Design Methodology and Performance Evaluation of New Generation Sounding Rockets

<table class="figure-group"><tr class="fig-image" id="a"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ijae/volume-2018/1678709/figures/1678709.fig.008a.svgz" name="1678709.fig.008a" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(a) </b>Sun position <svg height="12.6231pt" id="M186" style="vertical-align:-3.29562pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.32748 10.2904 12.6231" width="10.2904pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,-.431,-.3)"><path d="M470 557C393 591 314 624 246 666H224C156 624 76 591 0 557L12 532C86 550 163 573 235 596C309 572 384 550 458 532L470 557Z" id="g119-17"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M220 349V455C158 436 98 425 38 417V389C85 378 92 374 92 323V104C92 43 83 38 28 32V0H302V32C225 38 220 43 220 104V291C237 330 257 343 276 343C292 343 305 336 322 322C329 316 339 313 353 318C379 328 402 356 402 392C402 426 374 454 335 454C297 454 259 411 222 349H220Z" id="g13-112"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,5.252,3.132)"><path d="M416 501L399 642C356 655 314 665 271 665C140 665 63 582 63 486C63 372 163 325 229 290C304 250 359 217 359 142C359 70 316 25 240 25C138 25 94 125 78 186L44 178C52 123 64 45 72 21C81 16 96 8 121 0S179 -15 220 -15C353 -15 445 68 445 176C445 289 350 335 270 375C191 414 143 449 143 520C143 572 177 627 253 627C340 627 366 556 382 495L416 501Z" id="g58-81"></path></g></svg> in the ECI frame</td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="b"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ijae/volume-2018/1678709/figures/1678709.fig.008b.svgz" name="1678709.fig.008b" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(b) </b>Sun position <svg height="12.7282pt" id="M187" style="vertical-align:-3.40072pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.32748 11.4504 12.7282" width="11.4504pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,-.431,-.3)"><path d="M470 557C393 591 314 624 246 666H224C156 624 76 591 0 557L12 532C86 550 163 573 235 596C309 572 384 550 458 532L470 557Z" id="g119-17"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M220 349V455C158 436 98 425 38 417V389C85 378 92 374 92 323V104C92 43 83 38 28 32V0H302V32C225 38 220 43 220 104V291C237 330 257 343 276 343C292 343 305 336 322 322C329 316 339 313 353 318C379 328 402 356 402 392C402 426 374 454 335 454C297 454 259 411 222 349H220Z" id="g13-112"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,5.252,3.132)"><path d="M594 262C594 419 464 546 305 546S17 419 17 262S146 -22 305 -22S594 105 594 262ZM538 262C538 131 433 25 305 25S73 131 73 262S177 499 305 499S538 393 538 262ZM365 262C365 297 340 323 305 323C271 323 246 297 246 262C246 225 271 201 305 201C340 201 365 225 365 262Z" id="g54-72"></path></g></svg> in the ALI frame. This case is an example of the sun being outside the spherical section allowed by <i>η</i></td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="c"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ijae/volume-2018/1678709/figures/1678709.fig.008c.svgz" name="1678709.fig.008c" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(c) </b>Sun position <svg height="12.7282pt" id="M188" style="vertical-align:-3.40072pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.32748 11.4504 12.7282" width="11.4504pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,-.431,-.3)"><path d="M470 557C393 591 314 624 246 666H224C156 624 76 591 0 557L12 532C86 550 163 573 235 596C309 572 384 550 458 532L470 557Z" id="g119-17"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M220 349V455C158 436 98 425 38 417V389C85 378 92 374 92 323V104C92 43 83 38 28 32V0H302V32C225 38 220 43 220 104V291C237 330 257 343 276 343C292 343 305 336 322 322C329 316 339 313 353 318C379 328 402 356 402 392C402 426 374 454 335 454C297 454 259 411 222 349H220Z" id="g13-112"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,5.252,3.132)"><path d="M594 262C594 419 464 546 305 546S17 419 17 262S146 -22 305 -22S594 105 594 262ZM538 262C538 131 433 25 305 25S73 131 73 262S177 499 305 499S538 393 538 262ZM365 262C365 297 340 323 305 323C271 323 246 297 246 262C246 225 271 201 305 201C340 201 365 225 365 262Z" id="g54-72"></path></g></svg> in the BA frame. <svg height="9.59912pt" id="M189" style="vertical-align:-3.63821pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -5.96091 12.0258 9.59912" width="12.0258pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M565 434L556 448L482 423L322 189L287 373C280 410 261 448 236 448C207 448 161 415 110 338L131 317C160 355 181 374 193 374C204 374 208 366 217 330C230 279 247 185 259 116L50 -175C18 -223 29 -260 41 -278H51C97 -198 207 -33 270 57L313 -165C328 -235 349 -261 376 -261S445 -244 510 -150L487 -127C444 -178 423 -186 411 -186C402 -186 398 -177 387 -130C371 -62 349 39 332 135C390 217 524 392 565 434Z" id="g113-244"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,6.981,3.132)"><path d="M416 501L399 642C356 655 314 665 271 665C140 665 63 582 63 486C63 372 163 325 229 290C304 250 359 217 359 142C359 70 316 25 240 25C138 25 94 125 78 186L44 178C52 123 64 45 72 21C81 16 96 8 121 0S179 -15 220 -15C353 -15 445 68 445 176C445 289 350 335 270 375C191 414 143 449 143 520C143 572 177 627 253 627C340 627 366 556 382 495L416 501Z" id="g58-81"></path></g></svg> and <svg height="11.9316pt" id="M190" style="vertical-align:-3.2957pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 13.3438 11.9316" width="13.3438pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M541 160L512 170C485 116 462 88 439 67C411 41 376 35 318 35C272 35 238 37 224 48C207 61 205 85 212 121L290 533C305 611 308 615 391 622L397 650H139L133 622C217 615 221 612 206 533L126 118C111 41 103 34 23 26L17 0H474C489 31 528 124 541 160Z" id="g113-77"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,8.294,3.132)"><path d="M416 501L399 642C356 655 314 665 271 665C140 665 63 582 63 486C63 372 163 325 229 290C304 250 359 217 359 142C359 70 316 25 240 25C138 25 94 125 78 186L44 178C52 123 64 45 72 21C81 16 96 8 121 0S179 -15 220 -15C353 -15 445 68 445 176C445 289 350 335 270 375C191 414 143 449 143 520C143 572 177 627 253 627C340 627 366 556 382 495L416 501Z" id="g58-81"></path></g></svg> are obtained projecting <svg height="9.25658pt" id="M191" style="vertical-align:-3.295671pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -5.96091 7.90242 9.25658" width="7.90242pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M211 91L201 114C175 93 136 64 124 64C117 64 117 73 121 93C150 233 183 368 203 440L200 448L119 426L44 86C38 59 35 38 35 24C35 -5 46 -12 60 -12C95 -12 178 49 211 91Z" id="g113-231"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,2.873,3.132)"><path d="M416 501L399 642C356 655 314 665 271 665C140 665 63 582 63 486C63 372 163 325 229 290C304 250 359 217 359 142C359 70 316 25 240 25C138 25 94 125 78 186L44 178C52 123 64 45 72 21C81 16 96 8 121 0S179 -15 220 -15C353 -15 445 68 445 176C445 289 350 335 270 375C191 414 143 449 143 520C143 572 177 627 253 627C340 627 366 556 382 495L416 501Z" id="g58-81"></path></g></svg> on the BA frame</td></tr></table>

<div>Sun-pointing guidance principal angles and axes.</div>

International Journal of Aerospace Engineering

fig8

Figure 8

Figure 8: Design Methodology and Performance Evaluation of New Generation Sounding Rockets 