Propeller Force-Constant Modeling for Multirotor UAVs from Experimental Estimation of Inflow Velocity

Table 1

Estimated effective propeller diameter.

p/d	range	Typical
p/d < 0.4	0.90–0.92	0.91
0.4 ≤ p/d < 0.8	0.87–0.89	0.88
0.8 ≤ p/d < 0.9	0.82–0.86	0.86
p/d ≥ 0.9	0.80-0.81	0.80