A Proposal for Long-Term Missions of Small Lunar Rovers Using an MLI Curtain System

Table 1

Specification of unmanned lunar rovers.

Project title (spacecraft/rover)	Luna 17/Lunokhod 1 [22]	Luna 21/Lunokhod 2 [22]	Chang’e-3/Yutu [22]	Chang’e-4/Yutu 2	Chandrayaan-2 [4]
Mission date	1970.11 ~ 1971.9	1973.1 ~ 1973.5	2013.12 ~ 2016.8	2019.1~	2019.07 (plan) ~ 2 weeks
Lander dry mass	N/A	1814 kg	1200 kg	1200 kg [23]	1471 kg
Rover mass	756 kg [7]	840 kg	120 kg	140 kg [23]	27 kg
Landing site	38°N 35°W	26°N 30°E	44°N 20°W	46°S 178°E [24]	71°S 23°E [25]
Country	USSR	USSR	China	China	India
Survival method of the rover during lunar nights	RHU [1]	RHU [1]	RHU [26]	RHU	N/A