Minimum-Fuel Ascent of Hypersonic Vehicle considering Control Constraint Using the Improved Pigeon-Inspired Optimization Algorithm

Table 1

Test function optimization results.

Test function		Algorithm	Optimal value	Time (s)
Ackley	5	PSO	7.1431-04	0.11
		PIO	0.0137	0.12
		The improved PIO	5.0849-15	0.09
Rastrigin	5	PSO	5.7730-06	0.13
		PIO	0.0121	0.12
		The improved PIO	0	0.09
Rosenbrock	2	PSO	1.0878-09	0.11
		PIO	1.0900-08	0.12
		The improved PIO	7.9993-33	0.09