Design Optimization and Parameter Analysis of a Hybrid Rocket Motor-Powered Small LEO Launch Vehicle

Table 1

Definition of initial grain shape parameters.

Grain shape	Burning perimeter length	Grain port area
Circle-shaped grain
Star-shaped grain	Related to the outer diameter , number of star angle , grain thickness , star angle coefficient , angle of star root , radius of star tip arc , and radius of star root arc [15]
Wheel-shaped grain	Related to the outer diameter , number of wheel hole , grain thickness , center hole diameter , wheel channel inner diameter , wheel channel outer diameter , and radius of chamfer [16]