Anticipated Impact of Hand-Hold Position on the Electromagnetic Interaction of Different Antenna Types/Positions and a Human in Cellular Communications

Table 4

Computational results of the antenna input impedance, 𝑍_in,|𝑆₁₁| in dB, radiation efficiency, 𝜂_rad, and total efficiency, 𝜂_tot, for different handset setups at 900 MHz.

Parameter			Frequency/900 MHz
			𝑍in (Ohm)		|𝑆11| (dB)		𝜂rad (%)		𝜂tot (%)
Handset model			A1	A2	A1	A2	A1	A2	A1	A2
No head	In free space		44.5 + j0.86	44.5 + j0.86	−24.4	−24.4	77.8	77.8	77.6	77.6
	In hand1		49.2 − j8.17	51.3 − j9.55	−21.6	−20.5	89.8	60.3	87.2	59.8
	In hand2		78.5 + j37.4	58.36 − j3.5	−9.1	−21.5	30.7	36.5	26.9	36.3
HR-EFH	Cheek	Hand1	42.7 + j4.63	42.6 + j4.27	−20.6	−20.8	18.7	21.2	18.5	21.0
		Hand2	57.7 + j46.9	44.1 + j10.9	−7.9	−17.6	10.3	10.7	8.60	10.6
	Tilt	Hand1	48.1 + j2.25	47.0 − j0.49	−30.4	−30.1	29.1	30.7	29.1	30.7
		Hand2	66.7 + j46.7	52.2 + j10.1	−8.1	−19.9	16.2	17.1	13.6	16.9
Handset model			B1	B2	B1	B2	B1	B2	B1	B2
No head	In free space		49.6 – j11.7	50.6 – j6.92	−18.7	−23.2	83.2	83.9	82.1	83.5
	In hand1		60.4 – j0.32	24.4 + j11.7	−20.5	−8.5	64.5	62.6	63.9	53.8
	In hand2		17.0 + j36.2	17.7 + j34.6	−3.8	−4.1	35.5	37.5	20.9	23.0
HR-EFH	Cheek	Hand1	57.7 – j17.5	30.1 + j13.5	−15.1	−10.6	25.5	35.6	24.7	32.5
		Hand2	22.6 + j 32.6	17.9 + j32.6	−5.4	−4.3	14.6	19.8	10.4	12.5
	Tilt	Hand1	57.2 – j13.4	30.3+14.3	−17.0	−10.5	37.9	44.5	37.1	40.5
		Hand2	19.6 + j32.9	15.4 + j33.9	−4.7	−3.6	19.4	27.4	12.8	15.5