Anticipated Impact of Hand-Hold Position on the Electromagnetic Interaction of Different Antenna Types/Positions and a Human in Cellular Communications

Table 5

Computational results of the antenna input impedance, 𝑍_in,|𝑆₁₁| in dB, radiation efficiency, 𝜂_rad, and total efficiency, 𝜂_tot, for different handset setups at 1800 MHz.

Parameter			Frequency/1800 MHz
			𝑍in (Ohm)		|𝑆11| (dB)		𝜂rad (%)		𝜂tot (%)
Handset model			A1	A2	A1	A2	A1	A2	A1	A2
No head	In free space		38.7 + j9.92	38.7 + j9.92	−15.5	−15.5	89.8	89.8	87.3	87.3
	In hand1		38.5 + j9.07	56.2 + j0.82	−15.6	−24.6	52.2	62.1	50.8	61.9
	In hand2		98.7 + j26.4	41.7 + j5.52	−8.7	−19.3	27.8	42.4	24.8	41.9
HR-EFH	Cheek	Hand1	43.9 + j17.9	61.7 + j18.1	−14.1	−14.4	17.5	30.1	16.8	29.0
		Hand2	106 + j47.2	45.6 + j16.3	−7.0	−15.2	9.6	20.0	7.6	19.4
	Tilt	Hand1	43.7 + j22.5	64.1 + j22.0	−12.3	−13.0	20.1	30.1	18.9	28.6
		Hand2	106 + j50.3	44.5 + j18.2	−6.8	−14.1	11.1	19.1	8.8	18.3
Handset model			B1	B2	B1	B2	B1	B2	B1	B2
No head	In free space		33.3 – j9.97	38.9 – j8.72	−12.7	−16.0	90.0	86.4	85.1	84.2
	In hand1		36.7 – j6.13	58.7 + j23.3	−15.5	−13.0	54.0	41.2	52.4	39.1
	In hand2		49.2 + j36.5	42.9 + j6.88	−9.2	−19.5	31.1	37.2	27.4	36.7
HR-EFH	Cheek	Hand1	37.9 + j7.64	61.1 + j25.5	−15.8	−12.3	22.9	22.9	22.3	21.5
		Hand2	48.6 + j52.0	52.8 + j6.65	−6.6	−23.1	15.6	13.9	12.2	13.8
	Tilt	Hand1	32.9 – j1.25	59.3 + j24.9	−13.6	−12.5	24.4	26.5	23.3	25.0
		Hand2	42.0 + j41.4	40.3 + j9.6	−7.6	−16.5	17.7	22.3	14.6	21. 8