Research Article
Large-Scale Fading and Time Dispersion Parameters of UWB Channel in Underground Mines
Table 2
The reported values on large scale fading based on previous measurement
campaigns.
| | Source | Path loss exponent | Shadow fading | Frequency range (GHz) | Range
(m) |
Environment | |
LOS | NLOS |
LOS | NLOS |
| | AT&T [9] | 1.7 | 3.5 | 2.8 | 4.4 | 4.375–5.625 | 1–15 | Residential | | France Telecom [10] | 1.62 | 3.22 | 1.7 | 5.5 | 3.1–10.6 | 1–20 | Office | | Virginia Tech [11] | 1.3-1.4 | 2.3-2.4 | 2.5–3 | 2.6–5.6 | Time
domain | 5–49 (LOS)2–9
(NLOS) | Laboratory | | Intel [12] | 1.72 | 4.09 | 1.48 | 3.63 | 2–8 | 1–11
(LOS)4–15 (NLOS) | Residential | | Samsung
[14] | 1.8 | 2.18 | 0.98 | 1.43 | 3.1–10.6 | 1–20 | Residential | | New
jersey Institute [15] | 1.55–1.65–1.77 | — | 1.98-1.19-0.77 | — | 2–6 | 1–10 | Laboratory | | CEA-LETI [20] | 1.63 | 3.68 | — | — | 2–6 | 1.6
(LOS)3-20 (NLOS) | Residential | | U.C.A.N [21] | 1.4 | 3.2
(soft)4.1
(hard) | 0.35 | 1.21
(soft)1.87
(hard) | — | 4–14 | Office | | ETH
Zurich [22] | 2.7–3.3 (on body) | — | — | 3–6 | 0.5–1.5 | Body | | 4.1 (a round the torso) | | Cassioli/ Molisch/Win
[23] | 2.04
, | — | — | Time domain | 8–11, 11–13 (NLOS) | Indoor | | | Oulu Univ. [24] | 1.04–1.4–1.8 | 3.2–3.3–3.9 | — | — | 2–6 | 1–30
(LOS)4–14 (NLOS) | Indoor | | Whyless
[25] | 1.58 | 1.96 | — | — | 1–11 | 2–5 (LOS)1-6
(NLOS) | Office | | DARPA [26] | 1.3 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 2.4 | Time
domain | 10 | Laboratory | | Oulu Univ. [27] | 1.62 | — | — | — | 3.1–6 | 3–6 (LOS) | Hospital | | Aquila Univ [28] | 2.5-2.6 | — | 2.11–5.23 | — | Time
domain | 1–25 | Forest | | LRCS | 1.47 | 2.45 | 1.1 | 2.95 | 2–5 | 1–12 (LOS) 5–12 (NLOS) | Underground mines |
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