Effects of Ground Constituent Parameters on Array Mutual Coupling for DOA Estimation

Table 2

Mutual impedance for five element monopole arrays over perfect and poor ground at 2.4 GHz.

Mutual impedance component	Perfect gnd [18]	Perfect gnd (FEM)	Poor gnd (FEM)
	Ω	Ω	Ω
𝑍12=𝑍21=𝑍23=𝑍32=𝑍34=𝑍43=𝑍45=𝑍54	4.0+𝑗8.7	4.1+𝑗8.2	1.4+𝑗2.0
𝑍13=𝑍31=𝑍24=𝑍42=𝑍35=𝑍53	−1.3−𝑗5.2	−1.3−𝑗5.6	0.3−𝑗1.1
𝑍14=𝑍41=𝑍25=𝑍52	0.7+𝑗3.6	0.8+𝑗2.7	−0.03+𝑗0.13
𝑍15=𝑍51	−0.4−𝑗2.7	−0.8−𝑗2.0	0.07−𝑗0.27