Hybrid Differential Evolution with Biogeography-Based Optimization for Design of a Reconfigurable Antenna Array with Discrete Phase Shifters

Algorithm 1

procedure Algorithm description of DE algorithm

begin

Step  1: Set the generation counter 𝐺=0; and randomly initialize a population of NP individuals 𝑋_𝑖. Initialize the parameter F, CR

Step  2: Evaluate the fitness for each individual in 𝑃

Step  3: while stopping criteria is not satisfied do

    for  𝑖=1 to NP

    select randomly 𝑎≠𝑏≠𝑐≠𝑑≠𝑖

     for  𝑗=1 to D

      𝑗_rand=⌊rand(0,1)^∗𝐷⌋

      If rand(0,1)≤CR or 𝑗==𝑗_rand then

        𝑢_𝑖,𝑗=𝑥_𝑎,𝑗+𝐹×(𝑥_𝑏,𝑗−𝑥_𝑐,𝑗)

      Else

       𝑢_𝑖,𝑗=𝑥_𝑖,𝑗

      end if

     end for

    end for

   for   𝑖=1 to NP do

   Evaluate the offspring 𝑢_𝑖

    If 𝑢_𝑖 is better than 𝑃_𝑖 then

     𝑃_𝑖=𝑢_𝑖

    end if

   end for

    Memorize the best solution achieved so far

Step  4: end while

end