Application of the Levenberg-Marquardt Scheme to the MUSIC Algorithm for AOA Estimation

Figure 3

Comparison of the standard MUSIC algorithm with fine exhaustive grid search and the MUSIC algorithm with coarse exhaustive grid search followed by LM optimization (𝑟=0.679𝜆, five antennas, [𝜃^(true)₁𝜙^(true)₁]=[−21^∘30^∘], [𝜃^(true)₂𝜙^(true)₂]=[120.5^∘72.5^∘]).

(a) [Δ𝜃^fine,Δ𝜙^fine]=[2^∘,2^∘], [Δ𝜃^coarse,Δ𝜙^coarse]=[4^∘,4^∘]

(b) [Δ𝜃^fine,Δ𝜙^fine]=[2^∘,2^∘], [Δ𝜃^coarse,Δ𝜙^coarse]=[7^∘,7^∘]

(c) [Δ𝜃^fine,Δ𝜙^fine]=[4^∘,4^∘], [Δ𝜃^coarse,Δ𝜙^coarse]=[7^∘,7^∘]