Application Article
Joint Optimization of Microstrip Patch Antennas Using Particle Swarm Optimization for UWB Systems
Table 1
Optimized values for PSMA at the lower frequency of 3.1, 4.8, 7.4, 8.5, and 10.2 GHz.
| | Sr. No. | Observed parameters | Desired | Calculated | Geometric dimensions | | L | p |
| | 1 | Frequency | 3.10 | 3.099522903 | 1.159845629 | 0.682043476 | | Bandwidth | 7.50 | 7.510477097 | | Quality factor | 0.76 | 0.761958146 |
| | 2 | Frequency | 4.80 | 4.800982534 | 0.597733983 | 0.605804566 | | Bandwidth | 5.80 | 5.799017466 | | Quality factor | 1.23 | 1.236991469 |
| | 3 | Frequency | 7.40 | 7.402219779 | 0.377047302 | 0.408068462 | | Bandwidth | 3.20 | 3.198780221 | | Quality factor | 2.77 | 2.776367057 |
| | 4 | Frequency | 8.50 | 8.530486913 | 0.353992207 | 0.321891931 | | Bandwidth | 2.10 | 2.089513087 | | Quality factor | 4.52 | 4.645127724 |
| | 5 | Frequency | 10.20 | 10.199922399 | 0.398869314 | 0.151464075 | | Bandwidth | 0.40 | 0.400077601 | | Quality factor | 26.00 | 25.990050825 |
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