Research Article
Propagation and Wireless Channel Modeling Development on Wide-Sense Vehicle-to-X Communications
Table 1
Channel characteristics of T2X, V2X, and standard scenarios.
| Category | Scenarios | Path loss exponent | Standard deviation of shadowing [dB] | -factor/Nakagami- | Delay spread (mean) [ns] |
| T2X | Viaduct | 2–4 | 2–4 | : 3.8–8.3 dB | 192 | V2X | Highway | 1.8–4 | 4.0–6.1 | : 3.3–4.3 dB | 30–340 | V2X | Rural | 1.79–4 | — | — | 20–150 | Standard | Suburban | 2.4–4.0 | 4–8 | : 9 dB | 59–84 | Standard | Rural macrocell | 2.2–2.5 | 4–8 | : 7 dB | 36.8–42.1 | Standard | Moving networks BS-MRS, rural | 1.9–2.2 | 4 | : 7 dB | 40–55 |
| T2X | Cutting | 2.5–4 | 3–5 | : 1.88 dB | — | V2X | Suburban | 2.1–3.9 | — | : 2.1 dB | 20–150 | Standard | Indoor to Outdoor/outdoor to indoor | 2 | 7 | : 3.2 dB | 34–40 | Standard | Typical urban macrocell | 2.6 | 4–8 | : 7 dB | 85.4 |
| T2X | Tunnel | 1.8–3 | 5–8 | : 0.8–5.4 | 15–40 | T2X | Station | 3–5 | 3–5 | : 0.5–5.4 dB | — | V2X | Urban | 1.61 | 4.2–6.7 | : 3–6.7 dB | 3–1100 | Standard | Indoor office/residential | 1.9 | 3-4 | : 7 dB | 14.2–43 | Standard | Typical urban microcell | 2.3–4 | 3-4 | : 9 dB | 37–74 | Standard | Large indoor/hall | 1.4–3.8 | 3-4 | : 2 dB | 23.7–40.8 |
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