A Comparative Study on Sideband Optimization in Time-Modulated Arrays

Table 1

Calculated benchmark parameters of DE algorithm outputs for IS.

IS
	SBL			SR			SB
	Best	Worst	Mean	Best	Worst	Mean	Best	Worst	Mean
Ψ	0.002	0.040	0.019	0.000	0.036	0.014	0.000	0.040	0.015
Ω (dB)	−56.471	−28.039	−35.852	−141.235	−26.984	−52.229	−135.630	−27.923	−78.799
𝑃 (%)	0.372	7.921	3.939	0.000	3.556	1.264	0.000	3.165	0.755
𝐷 (dB)	13.017	12.498	13.074	14.472	13.061	13.838	14.314	13.696	13.854

Ψ represents the cost function value, Ω represents the maximum sideband level, 𝑃 represents the power loss percentage, and 𝐷 represents the time-average directivity.