Research Article
Massive MIMO Channel Models: A Survey
Table 1
Features of massive MIMO.
| ā | Feature | Main reason |
|
Advantages | High spectrum efficiency [6, 9] | Large multiplexing gain and array gain | High energy efficiency [6, 9] | Radiated energy can be concentrated on UE | High reliability [9] | Large diversity gain | Efficient linear precoder/detector [9] | Favorable propagation condition for i.i.d. Rayleigh channel | Weak interuser interference and enhanced physical security [6] | Orthogonal UE channels and extremely narrow beam | Simple scheduling scheme [16] | Channel harden phenomenon averages out the fast fading | Robust to individual element failure [6] | Large number of antenna array elements |
|
Disadvantages | Pilot contamination [8] | Limited orthogonal pilots as of bounded coherent interval and bandwidth | High signal processing complexity [9] | Large number of antennas and multiplexing UE | Sensitive to beam alignment [6] | Extremely narrow beam is sensitive to UE moving or antenna array swaying | Poor broadcast channel [6] | Be blind to UE positions |
|
|