Multiband Microwave Imaging Analysis of Ionosphere and Troposphere Refraction for Spaceborne SAR

<table class="table-group" width="800px"><tr class="fig-image" id="a"><td><img alt="913056.fig.0011a" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ijap/volume-2014/913056/figures/913056.fig.0011a.jpg"/></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td align="center"><table><tr><td><b>(a) </b><i> L</i>-band,<i> f</i> = 1.5 GHz</td></tr></table></td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="b"><td><img alt="913056.fig.0011b" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ijap/volume-2014/913056/figures/913056.fig.0011b.jpg"/></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td align="center"><table><tr><td><b>(b) </b><i> X</i>-band,<i> f</i> = 9.6 GHz</td></tr></table></td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="c"><td><img alt="913056.fig.0011c" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ijap/volume-2014/913056/figures/913056.fig.0011c.jpg"/></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td align="center"><table><tr><td><b>(c) </b>Theoretical image</td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<table>Point target assessment curve at <svg height="11.175" id="M98" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.8249998 11.175" width="9.8249998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.113)"><path d="M559 163q-23 -66 -68 -163h-474l6 26q62 4 79.5 19.5t28.5 75.5l78 409q7 35 8.5 49t-8 25t-24 13t-51.5 5l5 28h266l-6 -28q-65 -5 -79.5 -18t-25.5 -74l-76 -406q-10 -57 14 -75q12 -13 96 -13q93 0 126 29q41 40 76 109z" id="x1D43F"></path></g>
</svg>-band and <svg height="11.175" id="M99" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.5875 11.175" width="13.5875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.113)"><path d="M775 650l-6 -28q-60 -6 -81.5 -16t-61.5 -54l-175 -191l125 -243q30 -58 48.5 -71t82.5 -19l-5 -28h-275l7 28l35 4q31 4 37 12t-6 34l-108 216q-140 -165 -177 -219q-16 -22 -10.5 -30.5t41.5 -13.5l22 -3l-7 -28h-244l8 28q52 4 75 15.5t67 52.5q48 46 206 231
l-110 215q-26 51 -44 63t-72 17l6 28h250l-6 -28l-27 -4q-30 -5 -35 -10t3 -27q17 -43 95 -190q70 78 154 185q15 21 10 29.5t-33 12.5l-30 4l5 28h236z" id="x1D44B"></path></g>
</svg>-band.</table>

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

fig11

Figure 11

Figure 11: Multiband Microwave Imaging Analysis of Ionosphere and Troposphere Refraction for Spaceborne SAR 