Comparative Analysis of Linear and Nonlinear Pattern Synthesis of Hemispherical Antenna Array Using Adaptive Evolutionary Techniques

Pseudocode 2

Pseudocode of Adaptive Fire Fly Algorithm.

(i) Initialize algorithm's parameters

→number of fireflies (n),

→𝛽₀,𝛾,𝛼

→maximum number of generations (iterations, Max-Gen)

Define the objective function 𝑓(𝑥), 𝑥=(𝑥₁,…,𝑥_𝑑)^𝑇

Generate initial population of fire flies 𝑥_𝑖(𝑖=1,2,…,𝑛)

//generate 𝑛 initial solutions

Light intensity for firefly 𝐼_𝑖 at 𝑥_𝑖 is determined by

value of objective function 𝑓(𝑥_𝑖)

(ii) While k < MaxGen//(𝑘=1: MaxGen)

  For  𝑖=1: 𝑛// all n fireflies

    For𝑗=1: 𝑛

        If (𝐼_𝑗>𝐼_𝑖) move firefly i towards firefly j in

      d-dimension; End if

      Obtain attractiveness, which varies with distance r

Adaptive Tuning Of Controlling Parameters (𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾)

𝑎𝑙𝑝ℎ𝑎(𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟)=𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑑𝑎∗0.5∗𝑏𝑔ℎ+𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑∗(−0.45∗(𝑏𝑔ℎ−min(𝑏𝑔ℎ))/(max(𝑏𝑔ℎ)−min(𝑏𝑔ℎ)))

𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑛=0.9∗(𝑏𝑔ℎ)+(−0.85∗((𝑏𝑔ℎ−min(𝑏𝑔ℎ))/(max(𝑏𝑔ℎ)−min(𝑏𝑔ℎ)))^𝑘)

𝑔𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑎(𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟)=(𝑏𝑔ℎ)+(−0.5∗(𝑏𝑔ℎ−min(𝑏𝑔ℎ))/(max(𝑏𝑔ℎ)−min(𝑏𝑔ℎ)

   End for j

    End for i

Rank the fireflies and find the current best

End while

(iii) Find the firefly with the highest light intensity, visualisation