Review Article
A Tutorial on Optical Feeding of Millimeter-Wave Phased Array Antennas for Communication Applications
Table 1
Summary of the noises in optically fed PAAs.
| Device | Origin | Type of noise |
| mm-wave generator | Spontaneous emission | Multiplicative noise |
| Optical amplifier | Amplified spontaneous emission | Beating noise |
| Photodiode | Carrier Brownian motion (thermal noise) ā | Additive (power independent) ā | Discrete nature of photons (shot noise) | Additive (power dependent) |
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