Modeling of the Land Mobile Satellite Channel considering the Terminal’s Driving Direction

Table 1

Statistical and physical-statistical LMS channel models are compared with respect to the modeling approach, the number of satellites, considering the driving direction of the terminal, considering the correlation coefficient (Corr) and regarding the evaluation criteria cumulative distribution function (CDF) and the bad state probability of a satellite .

Modeling approach	Proposed by	Year	Number of satellites	Driving direction considered		Corr	CDF
Statistical	Pérez-Fontán et al. [1]	2001	Single				x
	Prieto-Cerdeira et al. [2]	2010	Single				x
	Lutz [3]	1996	Dual		x	x
	Arndt et al. [4]	2012	Dual	x
	Arndt et al. [5]	2012	Single	x	x		x
	Arndt et al. [6]	2012	Dual	x	x	x
	Arndt et al. [7]	2012	Multi			x
Physical-statistical	Tzaras et al. [8]	1998	Dual			x
Ray-tracing	Oestges et al. [9]	1999	Single				x
	Oestges and Vanhoenacker-Janvier [10]	2001	Dual			x
	Oestges and Vanhoenacker-Janvier [11]	2007	Dual			x	x
MKA	Vázquez-Castro et al. [12]	2001	Dual			x
	Vázquez-Castro et al. [13]	2002	Dual			x
	Pérez-Fontán et al. [14]	2002	Multi			x
	Pérez-Fontán et al. [15]	2002	Multi		x
	Pérez-Fontán et al. [16]	2003	Multi		x
Virtual city	Pérez-Fontán et al. [17]	2005	Single	x
Fisheye	Meenan et al. [18]	1998	Dual			x
	Akturan et al. [19–21]	1997	Single				x
	Rieche et al. [22]	2014	Single	x			x